{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:14:07Z","timestamp":1769505247237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Strategic Science Investment Fund (no. C04X1703, Scion Platform Plan)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Science Investment Fund (no. C04X1703, Scion Platform Plan)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Submicron-sized carbon fibres have been attracting research interest due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the non-renewable resources and their complex fabrication processes limit the scalability and pose difficulties for the utilisation of these materials. Here, we investigate the use of plasma arc technology to convert renewable electrospun lignin fibres into a new kind of carbon fibre with a globular and porous microstructure. The influence of arc currents (up to 60 A) on the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared carbon fibres is discussed. Owing to the catalyst-free synthesis, high purity micro-structured carbon fibres with nanocrystalline graphitic domains are produced. Furthermore, the humidity sensing characteristics of the treated fibres at room temperature (23 \u00b0C) are demonstrated. Sensors produced from these carbon fibres exhibit good humidity response and repeatability in the range of 30% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and an excellent sensitivity (0.81\/%RH) in the high RH regime (60\u201380%). These results demonstrate that the plasma arc technology has great potential for the development of sustainable, lignin-based carbon fibres for a broad range of application in electronics, sensors and energy storage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T12:08:01Z","timestamp":1615291681000},"page":"1911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Abbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meeta","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128704","article-title":"Flexible humidity sensors for wireless monitoring based on electrospun sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) nanofibres","volume":"324","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. 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