{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:39:11Z","timestamp":1776865151031,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2020-0-01489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2020-0-01489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Greenhouses require accurate and reliable data to interpret the microclimate and maximize resource use efficiency. However, greenhouse conditions are harsh for electrical sensors collecting environmental data. Convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) enable complex interpretation by multiplying the input data. The objective of this study was to impute missing tabular data collected from several greenhouses using a ConvNet architecture called U-Net. Various data-loss conditions with errors in individual sensors and in all sensors were assumed. The U-Net with a screen size of 50 exhibited the highest coefficient of determination values and the lowest root-mean-square errors for all environmental factors used in this study. U-Net50 correctly learned the changing patterns of the greenhouse environment from the training dataset. Therefore, the U-Net architecture can be used for the imputation of tabular data in greenhouses if the model is correctly trained. Growers can secure data integrity with imputed data, which could increase crop productivity and quality in greenhouses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Accurate Imputation of Greenhouse Environment Data for Data Integrity Utilizing Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taewon","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]},{"given":"Joon Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0080-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Eek","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.05.014","article-title":"Brief history of agricultural systems modeling","volume":"155","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. 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