{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:44:41Z","timestamp":1780487081873,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11372256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11372256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11527803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11527803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11602201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11602201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11502216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11502216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11602202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11602202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2018JQ1060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JQ1060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pipe structures are at the base of the entire industry. In the industry structure, heat and vibration are transmitted in each pipe. The minimum distance between each pipe is significant to the security. The assembly error and the deformation of the pipeline positions after multiple runs are significant problems. The reconstruction of the multi-pipe system is a critical technical difficulty in the complex tube system. In this paper, a new method for the multi-pipes structure inspection is presented. Images of the tube system are acquired from several positions. The photogrammetry technology calculates positions, and the necessary coordination of the structure is reconstructed. A convolution neural network is utilized to detect edges of tube-features. The new algorithm for tube identification and reconstruction is presented to extract the tube feature in the image and reconstruct the 3D parameters of all tubes in a multi-pipes structure. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified by simulation experiments. An actual engine of the aircraft is measured to verify the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T12:55:07Z","timestamp":1616417707000},"page":"2207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Novel Method for the Complex Tube System Reconstruction and Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingtao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-2241(94)90003-5","article-title":"Optical inspection system for the inner surface of a pipe using detection of circular images projected by a laser source","volume":"13","author":"Inari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Miner, R.M. 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