{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:56:39Z","timestamp":1779915399894,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VLC Campus","award":["Convocatoria Ayudas: UPV-La Fe (INBIO): 2016 SPEHG (ID:C18)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Convocatoria Ayudas: UPV-La Fe (INBIO): 2016 SPEHG (ID:C18)"]}]},{"name":"VLC Campus","award":["UPV-La Fe (INBIO): sEMG_BONTAv (ID:C06)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPV-La Fe (INBIO): sEMG_BONTAv (ID:C06)"]}]},{"name":"Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH S.L","award":["Private contracts"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Private contracts"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a highly disabling disorder in women usually associated with hypertonic dysfunction of the pelvic floor musculature (PFM). The literature on the subject is not conclusive about the diagnostic potential of surface electromyography (sEMG), which could be due to poor signal characterization. In this study, we characterized the PFM activity of three groups of 24 subjects each: CPP patients with deep dyspareunia associated with a myofascial syndrome (CPP group), healthy women over 35 and\/or parous (&gt;35\/P group, i.e., CPP counterparts) and under 35 and nulliparous (&lt;35&amp;NP). sEMG signals of the right and left PFM were recorded during contractions and relaxations. The signals were characterized by their root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MDF), Dimitrov index (DI), sample entropy (SampEn), and cross-correlation (CC). The PFM activity showed a higher power (&gt;RMS), a predominance of low-frequency components (&lt;MDF, &gt;DI), greater complexity (&gt;SampEn) and lower synchronization on the same side (&lt;CC) in CPP patients, with more significant differences in the &gt;35\/P group. The same trend in differences was found between healthy women (&lt;35&amp;NP vs. &gt;35\/P) associated with aging and parity. These results show that sEMG can reveal alterations in PFM electrophysiology and provide clinicians with objective information for CPP diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T02:28:33Z","timestamp":1616466513000},"page":"2225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Pelvic Floor Activity in Healthy Subjects and with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Diagnostic Potential of Surface Electromyography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2099-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Albaladejo-Belmonte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tarazona-Motes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Polit\u00e8cnic i Universitari La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Nohales-Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Polit\u00e8cnic i Universitari La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De-Arriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Polit\u00e8cnic i Universitari La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Alberola-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Bioelectr\u00f3nica, Procesamiento de se\u00f1ales y Algoritmia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garcia-Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.08.020","article-title":"EAU guidelines on chronic pelvic pain","volume":"57","author":"Fall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. 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