{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:55:01Z","timestamp":1778622901058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017054","name":"NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization and Informatization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62076083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62076083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFE0118200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0118200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National International Joint Research Center for Brain-Machine Collaborative Intelligence","award":["2017B01020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017B01020"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province","award":["2020E10010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020E10010"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds  for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","award":["GK209907299001-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK209907299001-008"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Scientific Research Foundation of Hangzhou Dianzi University","award":["CXJJ2020086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXJJ2020086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fatigued driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. The electroencephalogram (EEG)-based mental state analysis method is an effective and objective way of detecting fatigue. However, as EEG shows significant differences across subjects, effectively \u201ctransfering\u201d the EEG analysis model of the existing subjects to the EEG signals of other subjects is still a challenge. Domain-Adversarial Neural Network (DANN) has excellent performance in transfer learning, especially in the fields of document analysis and image recognition, but has not been applied directly in EEG-based cross-subject fatigue detection. In this paper, we present a DANN-based model, Generative-DANN (GDANN), which combines Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to enhance the ability by addressing the issue of different distribution of EEG across subjects. The comparative results show that in the analysis of cross-subject tasks, GDANN has a higher average accuracy of 91.63% in fatigue detection across subjects than those of traditional classification models, which is expected to have much broader application prospects in practical brain\u2013computer interaction (BCI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T16:01:57Z","timestamp":1617033717000},"page":"2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["An EEG-Based Transfer Learning Method for Cross-Subject Fatigue Mental State Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Borghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3831-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Aric\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4426-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Di Flumeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolina","family":"Sciaraffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6718-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics-Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11435, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0113-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanzeng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Babiloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial NeuroScience Lab, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(00)00085-5","article-title":"A critical review of the psychophysiology of driver fatigue","volume":"55","author":"Lal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. 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