{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T01:14:28Z","timestamp":1775697268383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-0410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As unmanned aerial vehicles have become popular, the number of accidents caused by an operator\u2019s inattention have increased. To prevent such accidents, the operator should maintain an attention status. However, limited research has been conducted on the brain-computer interface (BCI)-based system with an alerting module for the operator\u2019s attention recovery of unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, we introduce a detection and alerting system that prevents an unmanned aerial vehicle operator from falling into inattention status by using the operator\u2019s electroencephalogram signal. The proposed system consists of the following three components: a signal processing module, which collects and preprocesses an electroencephalogram signal of an operator, an inattention detection module, which determines whether an inattention status occurred based on the preprocessed signal, and, lastly, an alert providing module that presents stimulus to an operator when inattention is detected. As a result of evaluating the performance with a real-world dataset, it was shown that the proposed system successfully contributed to the recovery of operator attention in the evaluating dataset, although statistical significance could not be established due to the small number of subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T04:13:51Z","timestamp":1617336831000},"page":"2447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A BCI Based Alerting System for Attention Recovery of UAV Operators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4283-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonghyuk","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Institute for Industrial Systems Innovation, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea"},{"name":"ai.m Inc., Gangnamdae-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonghun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Institute for Industrial Systems Innovation, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7239-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerim","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ai.m Inc., Gangnamdae-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06241, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Data Science, Seoul Women\u2019s University, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/1\/R02","article-title":"Towards adaptive classification for BCI","volume":"3","author":"Shenoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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