{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:51:50Z","timestamp":1778500310243,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-72-10121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-72-10121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-32-60042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-32-60042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perceptual decision-making requires transforming sensory information into decisions. An ambiguity of sensory input affects perceptual decisions inducing specific time-frequency patterns on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals. This paper uses a wavelet-based method to analyze how ambiguity affects EEG features during a perceptual decision-making task. We observe that parietal and temporal beta-band wavelet power monotonically increases throughout the perceptual process. Ambiguity induces high frontal beta-band power at 0.3\u20130.6 s post-stimulus onset. It may reflect the increasing reliance on the top-down mechanisms to facilitate accumulating decision-relevant sensory features. Finally, this study analyzes the perceptual process using mixed within-trial and within-subject design. First, we found significant percept-related changes in each subject and then test their significance at the group level. Thus, observed beta-band biomarkers are pronounced in single EEG trials and may serve as control commands for brain-computer interface (BCI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T04:13:51Z","timestamp":1617336831000},"page":"2461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sensor-Level Wavelet Analysis Reveals EEG Biomarkers of Perceptual Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2491-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Grubov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Maksimenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Shusharina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Pisarchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Hramov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaya Str. 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia"},{"name":"Saratov State Medical University, Bolshaya Kazachya Str. 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2374","article-title":"The neural systems that mediate human perceptual decision making","volume":"9","author":"Heekeren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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