{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:19:52Z","timestamp":1777418392972,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014132","name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16ENV01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ENV01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P1-0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013268","name":"Urad Republike Slovenije za Meroslovje","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C3212-10-000071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3212-10-000071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding atmospheric mercury chemistry is the key for explaining the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and for improving the predictive capability of computational models. Increased efforts are being made to ensure comparable Hg speciation measurements in the air through establishing metrological traceability. While traceability for elemental mercury has been recently set, this is by no means the case for gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM). Since a calibration unit suitable for traceable GOM calibrations based on evaporation of HgCl2 solution was recently developed, the purpose of our work was to extensively evaluate its performance. A highly specific and sensitive 197Hg radiotracer was used for validation over a wide range of concentrations. By comparing experimental and calculated values, we obtained recoveries for the calibration unit. The average recoveries ranged from 88.5% for 1178 ng m\u22123 HgCl2 gas concentration to 39.4% for 5.90 ng m\u22123 HgCl2 gas concentration. The losses were due to the adsorption of oxidized Hg on the inner walls of the calibrator and tubing. An adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate adsorption enthalpy (\u0394Hads); a \u0394Hads value of \u221212.33 kJ mol\u22121 was obtained, suggesting exothermal adsorption. The results of the calibrator performance evaluation suggest that a newly developed calibration unit is only suitable for concentrations of HgCl2 higher than 1 \u00b5g m\u22123. The concentration dependence of recoveries prevents the system from being used for calibration of instruments for ambient GOM measurements. Moreover, the previously assessed uncertainty of this unit at \u00b5g m\u22123 level (2.0%, k = 2) was re-evaluated by including uncertainty related to recovery and was found to be 4.1%, k = 2. Calibrator performance was also evaluated for HgBr2 gas calibration; the recoveries were much lower for HgBr2 gas than for HgCl2 gas even at a high HgBr2 gas concentration (&gt;1 \u00b5g m\u22123). As HgBr2 is often used as a proxy for various atmospheric HgBr species, the suitability of the unit for such calibration must be further developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T22:03:36Z","timestamp":1617487416000},"page":"2501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validating an Evaporative Calibrator for Gaseous Oxidized Mercury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Ga\u010dnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-7687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Ribeiro Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de An\u00e1lisis por Activaci\u00f3n Neutr\u00f3nica, Centro At\u00f3mico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo km 9.5, Bariloche 8400, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Radojko","family":"Ja\u0107imovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Jo\u017ee","family":"Kotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UN Environment (2019). 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