{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:40:23Z","timestamp":1760402423743,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC-2017\/25\/B\/ST7\/02236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2017\/25\/B\/ST7\/02236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noise and vibration are common issues that may have a negative impact on human\u2019s\u2019 health. To minimize their consequences, several vibroacoustical methods may be employed. One well-known method is Piezoelectric Shunt Damping (PSD). Over the years, many approaches have been investigated, from passive, state switching circuits to active pulse-switching. In this paper, the authors propose three PSD implementations\u2014passive Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI), semi-active SSDI and active Synchronized Switch Damping on Voltage source (SSDV)\u2014for a single-panel structure mounted on a rigid-frame casing. The nine Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) elements were mounted on the plate based on preliminary simulations in FreeFEM. Then, the theoretical results were validated by an identification experiment. The main research is concentrated on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) and structural vibrations reduction for selected frequencies. The active method provided the highest reduction of vibration\u2014up to 5.5 dB for maximal possible loudspeaker level without overdrive and up to 7.5 dB for lower excitation levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1617623309000},"page":"2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vibroacoustical Performance Analysis of a Rigid Device Casing with Piezoelectric Shunt Damping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian University of Technology, Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2629-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Rzepecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian University of Technology, Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pietruszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian University of Technology, Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislaw","family":"Wrona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian University of Technology, Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9494-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Pawelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian University of Technology, Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.05.025","article-title":"Will daytime occupational noise exposures induce nighttime sleep disturbance?","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113487","article-title":"Relationship between time-varying exposure to occupational noise and incident hypertension: A prospective cohort study","volume":"226","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2017.05.021","article-title":"Comparison between effects of low and high frequency noise on mental performance","volume":"126","author":"Alimohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2016.06.001","article-title":"Position statement: Harmful effects of environmental noise exposures","volume":"64","author":"Lusk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs. Outlook"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.192479","article-title":"Disorders Induced by Direct Occupational Exposure to Noise: Systematic Review","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1109\/5.763310","article-title":"Active noise control: A tutorial review","volume":"87","author":"Kuo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Ayaz, H., and Dehais, F. (2019). Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work and in Everyday Life, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-460X(03)00106-8","article-title":"Recent applications of viscoelastic damping for noise control in automobiles and commercial airplanes","volume":"262","author":"Rao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.20855\/ijav.2020.25.41694","article-title":"Sound Transmission Loss of a Metal Panel With Rib Reinforcements and Pasted Damping","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Acoust. Vib."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.1996.0796","article-title":"Adaptive-Passive Noise Control with Self-Tuning Helmholtz Resonators","volume":"202","author":"Franchek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/79.248551","article-title":"Active noise control","volume":"10","author":"Elliott","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo, S., and Morgan, D. (1996). Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.204209"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott, S. (2001). Signal Processing for Active Control, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012237085-4\/50012-0"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misol, M., and Algermissen, S. (2019, January 3\u20136). Remote Sensing for a Lining Integrated Active Structural Acoustic Control System. Proceedings of the 9th EASN International Conference, Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.23967\/emus.2019.002"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"689","article-title":"Double panel structure for active control of noise transmission","volume":"43","author":"Morzynski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahy, F., and Gardonio, P. (2007). 9\u2014Introduction to Active Control of Sound radiation and Transmission. Sound and Structural Vibration, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373633-8\/50004-1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2016.10.029","article-title":"Embedded Acoustic Black Holes for semi-passive broadband vibration attenuation in thin-walled structures","volume":"388","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzepecki, J., Pietruszewska, A., Mazur, K., Wrona, S., and Pawelczyk, M. (2019, January 26\u201329). Semi-active reduction of device casing vibration using a set of piezoelectric elements. Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Active Noise and Vibration Control Methods, Krakow-Wieliczka, Poland.","DOI":"10.1109\/CarpathianCC.2019.8765993"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Mazur, K., and Pawelczyk, M. (2016, January 10\u201314). Virtual microphone control for a light-weight active noise-reducing casing. Proceedings of the 23nd International Congress of Sound and Vibration, Athens, Greece."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2017.05.025","article-title":"Design and implementation of multichannel global active structural acoustic control for a device casing","volume":"98","author":"Mazur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2018.11.010","article-title":"Active noise control for a washing machine","volume":"146","author":"Mazur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.107371","article-title":"Double-panel active noise reducing casing with noise source enclosed inside\u2014Modelling and simulation study","volume":"152","author":"Wyrwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.03.018","article-title":"Semi-active vibration control featuring a self-sensing SSDV approach","volume":"104","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, J., and Fu, Z.F. (2001). 1\u2014Overview of modal analysis. Modal Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-075065079-3\/50001-2"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2015.03.031","article-title":"Optimal control based on a modified quadratic performance index for systems disturbed by sinusoidal signals","volume":"64\u201365","author":"Sibielak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delpero, T., Lillo, L., Bergamini, A., and Ermanni, P. (2012). Energy harvesting module for the improvement of the damping performance of autonomous synchronized switching on inductance. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 24.","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X12463463"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"367","article-title":"Experimental Comparisons of Two Detection Methods for Semi-Passive Piezoelectric Structural Damping","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vib. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Ciminello, M. (2010). Semi-Passive Control Strategy using Piezoceramic Patches in Non-Linear Commutation Architecture for Structural-Acoustic Smart Systems. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Naples \u201dFederico II\u201d]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jingjun, C., Wei, T., Yanqing, X., Xin, D., and Qiang, L. (2015, January 28\u201330). Semi-active vibration control using self-sensing synchronized switch damping on negative capacitance. Proceedings of the 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2015.7260537"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3233\/JAE-140096","article-title":"Semi-active vibration control of an aircraft panel using synchronized switch damping method","volume":"46","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-460X(91)90762-9","article-title":"Damping of structural vibrations with piezoelectric materials and passive electrical networks","volume":"146","author":"Hagood","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/12\/1\/307","article-title":"Reducing the inductance requirements of piezoelectric shunt damping systems","volume":"12","author":"Fleming","year":"2003","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-460X(02)01491-8","article-title":"Dynamics modelling of beams with shunted piezoelectric elements","volume":"268","author":"Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1106\/18CE-77K4-DYMG-RKBB","article-title":"Vibration Control with State-Switched Piezoelectric Materials","volume":"11","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/11\/3\/307","article-title":"Comparison of low-frequency piezoelectric switching shunt techniques for structural damping","volume":"11","author":"Corr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"288","article-title":"Enhanced semi-passive damping using continuous switching of a piezoelectric device on an inductor","volume":"Volume 3989","author":"Hyde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Damping and Isolation"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X06055810","article-title":"Semi-passive Piezoelectric Structural Damping by Synchronized Switching on Voltage Sources","volume":"17","author":"Lefeuvre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Q. (2013). Control of Noise and Structural Vibration A MATLAB\u00ae-Based Approach, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-5091-6"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Li, L., Fan, Y., and Liu, J. (2019, January 9). Numerical Analysis and Experimental Verification of Synchronized Switching Damping Systems. Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Louisville, KY, USA.","DOI":"10.1115\/SMASIS2019-5570"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pohl, M. (2014, January 10\u201313). Negative capacitance shunt damping system with optimized characteristics for use with piezoelectric transducers. Proceedings of the Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2044683"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2015.09.021","article-title":"Piezoelectric shunt damping of a circular saw blade with autonomous power supply for noise and vibration reduction","volume":"361","author":"Pohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045389X1982883","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X19828835","article-title":"Vibration attenuation in a nonlinear flexible structure via nonlinear switching circuits and energy harvesting implications","volume":"30","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3233\/JAE-209437","article-title":"Semi-active vibration control of large-scale flexible structure based on fuzzy adaptive SSDV technique","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133668","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940823","article-title":"A Linearised Analysis for Structures With Synchronized Switch Damping","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.106867","article-title":"Nonlinear piezoelectricity and damping in partially-covered piezoelectric cantilever with self-sensing synchronized switch damping on inductor circuit","volume":"144","author":"Asanuma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.112135","article-title":"Synchronized Switch Harvesting on ElectroMagnetic System: A nonlinear technique for hybrid energy harvesting based on active inductance","volume":"203","author":"Lallart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"747","article-title":"Semi-Active Pulse-Switching SSDC Vibration Suppression using Magnetostrictive Materials","volume":"11","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Solid Mech."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J. (2020). Synchronized Switch Damping with Diode (SSDD) Based on a Network of Piezoelectric Elements for Improved Vibration Damping of Smart Structure. Proceedings of the International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference 2019, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0860-8"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3233\/JAE-171155","article-title":"Semi-active vibration control based on synchronously switched piezoelectric actuators","volume":"59","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.107576","article-title":"A new design of unsymmetrical shunt circuit with negative capacitance for enhanced vibration control","volume":"155","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Li, L., Fan, Y., and Liu, J. (2020). Dual-Connected Synchronized Switch Damping for Vibration Control of Bladed Disks in Aero-Engines. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041478"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietruszewska, A., Rzepecki, J., Isaac, C., Mazur, K., and Pawe\u0142czyk, M. (2020). Spectral Analysis of Macro-Fiber Composites Measured Vibration of Double-Panel Structure Coupled with Solenoids. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123505"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Mazur, K., Wrona, S., Pietruszewska, A., Rzepecki, J., and Pawelczyk, M. (2019, January 7\u201311). Synchronized switch damping on inductor for noise-reducing casing. Proceedings of the 26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration: ICSV26, Montreal, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorman, D. (1982). Free Vibration Analysis of Rectangular Plates, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3162564"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"731","article-title":"Sound Transmission Through a Thin Plate with Shaped Frequency Response","volume":"44","author":"Wrona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Acoust."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/7\/2517\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:33:48Z","timestamp":1760362428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/7\/2517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s21072517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21072517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]}}}