{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:08:38Z","timestamp":1785870518719,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","award":["FIS2012-38160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS2012-38160"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper shows a simultaneous tri-band (S: 2.2\u20132.7 GHz, X: 7.5\u20139 GHz and Ka: 28\u201333 GHz) low-noise cryogenic receiver for geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (geo-VLBI) which has been developed at Yebes Observatory laboratories in Spain. A special feature is that the whole receiver front-end is fully coolable down to cryogenic temperatures to minimize receiver noise. It was installed in the first radio telescope of the Red Atl\u00e1ntica de Estaciones Geodin\u00e1micas y Espaciales (RAEGE) project, which is located in Yebes Observatory, in the frame of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). After this, the receiver was borrowed by the Norwegian Mapping Autorithy (NMA) for the commissioning of two VGOS radiotelescopes in Svalbard (Norway). A second identical receiver was built for the Ishioka VGOS station of the Geospatial Information Authority (GSI) of Japan, and a third one for the second RAEGE VGOS station, located in Santa Mar\u00eda (A\u00e7ores Archipelago, Portugal). The average receiver noise temperatures are 21, 23, and 25 Kelvin and the measured antenna efficiencies are 70%, 75%, and 60% in S-band, X-band, and Ka-band, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1618206720000},"page":"2662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Tri-Band Cooled Receiver for Geodetic VLBI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1104-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Tercero-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Serna-Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Vaquero-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6927-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Patino-Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2667-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6725-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Albo-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan D.","family":"Gallego-Puyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"D\u00edez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yebes Observatory, Centro de Desarrollos Tecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico Nacional, Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana, Cerro de la Palera s.n., Yebes, E-19141 Guadalajara, 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