{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:46:12Z","timestamp":1760402772662,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61904089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61904089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, the proposed microwave power detection systems cannot provide a high dynamic detection range and measurement sensitivity at the same time. Additionally, the frequency band of these detection systems cannot cover the 5G-communication frequency band. In this work, a novel microwave power detection system is proposed to measure the power of the 5G-communication frequency band. The detection system is composed of a signal receiving module, a power detection module and a data processing module. Experiments show that the detection frequency band of this system ranges from 1.4 GHz to 5.3 GHz, the dynamic measurement range is 70 dB, the minimum detection power is \u221268 dBm, and the sensitivity is 22.3 mV\/dBm. Compared with other detection systems, the performance of this detection system in the 5G-communication frequency band is significantly improved. Therefore, this microwave power detection system has certain reference significance and application value in the microwave signal detection of 5G communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:52:00Z","timestamp":1618206720000},"page":"2674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of a Microwave Power Detection System in the 5G-Communication Frequency Band"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qingying","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Leisheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1032-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab3083","article-title":"Microwave probing of relaxation oscillations related to terahertz power detection in superconducting hot electron bolometers","volume":"32","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuang, Q.-H., Yan, J.-K., Liu, X.-L., Hao, W.-X., Yang, M., and Yan, F. (August, January 29). Design and Implementation of the Microwave Detection System Based on DFB Laser Diode. Proceedings of the 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium\u2013China (ACES), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.23919\/ACESS.2018.8669267"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue, T., Ikeda, K., Kakubari, Y., Yonemoto, N., Shibagaki, N., Toda, H., and Murata, H. (November, January 31). Millimeter-wave wireless signal generation and detection using photonic technique for mobile communication systems. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), Long Beach, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWP.2016.7791284"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19961416","article-title":"High-sensitivity microwave power sensor for GaAs-MMIC implementation","volume":"32","author":"Dehe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Dehe, A., Klingbeil, H., Krozer, V., Fricke, K., Beilenhoff, K., and Hartnagel, H.L. (1996, January 17\u201321). GaAs monolithic integrated microwave power sensor in coplanar waveguide technology. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, San Fran-cisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.503.91","article-title":"Simulation of Characteristic of a Thermoelectric Power Sensor Based on MEMS Technology","volume":"503","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085003","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/23\/8\/085003","article-title":"Modeling of the terminating-type power sensors fabricated by GaAs MMIC process","volume":"23","author":"Yi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Micromechanics Microengineering"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2424973","article-title":"Research on Thermocouple Distribution for Microwave Power Sensors Based on GaAs MMIC Process","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2382719","article-title":"Suspended Thermopile for Microwave Power Sensors Based on Bulk MEMS and GaAs MMIC Technology","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Fernandez, L.J., Visser, E., Sese, J., Wiegerink, R., Flokstra, J., Jansen, H., and Elwenspoek, M. (2003, January 22\u201324). Radio frequency power sensor based on MEMS technology. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Sensors, Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/16\/7\/001","article-title":"A capacitive RF power sensor based on MEMS technology","volume":"16","author":"Wiegerink","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Micromechanics Microengineering"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065024","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/24\/6\/065024","article-title":"A 0.1\u201340 GHz broadband MEMS clamped\u2013clamped beam capacitive power sensor based on GaAs technology","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Micromechanics Microengineering"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2839687","article-title":"High-Power Handling Analysis of a Capacitive MEMS Power Sensor at X-Band","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2018.6186","article-title":"Bent cantilever radio frequency microelectromechanical system power detector with improved linearity up to 1 W","volume":"13","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2009.2017113","article-title":"A Micromachined Inline-Type Wideband Microwave Power Sensor Based on GaAs MMIC Technology","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microelectromechanical Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/17\/10\/027","article-title":"A microwave power sensor based on GaAs MMIC technology","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Micromechanics Microengineering"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2363902","article-title":"An Inline RF Power Sensor Based on Fixed Capacitive Coupling for GaAs MMIC Applications","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2016.2532920","article-title":"A Cascaded Terminating-Type and Capacitive-Type Power Sensor for \u221210- to 22-dBm Application","volume":"37","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Electron. Device Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, Z., Liao, X., and Zhang, Z. (2014, January 1\u20133). A cascade RF power sensor based on GaAs MMIC for improved dynamic range application. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, Tampa, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIC.2014.6851697"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10476","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2994149","article-title":"An In-Line Microwave Power Detection System Based on Double MEMS Cantilever Beams","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2893732","article-title":"Design of LTE-Band Microwave Power Detection System Based on Schottky Diode","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"165","article-title":"Design and Simulation of a Rectangular E-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID based Intelligent Transportation","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhoot, A.A., Memon, S.A., Ahmed, A., and Hussain, S. (2019, January 8\u201310). Comparative Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Shapes and its Application. Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOMET.2019.8673487"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Wang, X.W., Li, Y.P., and Li, P. (2016). Microwave Technology and Antennas, House of Electronics Industry. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2017.04.001","article-title":"Multiband SRR loaded Koch star fractal antenna","volume":"57","author":"Elavarasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2021, February 19). Devices, Analog. 1 MHz to 8 GHz 70 dB Logarithmic Detector, AD8318 Datasheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.analog.com\/media\/en\/technical-documentation\/data-sheets\/AD8318.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/8\/2674\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:59:21Z","timestamp":1760363961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/8\/2674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s21082674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]}}}