{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T17:13:28Z","timestamp":1781889208445,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the design and implementation of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for automatic fault detection. The proposed system offers advantages in three areas: the prognostic capacity for preventive and predictive maintenance, improvement in the quality of the machined product and a reduction in breakdown times. The complementary technologies, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and various machine learning (ML) techniques, are employed with SCADA systems to obtain the objectives. The analysis of different data sources and the replacement of specific digital sensors with analog sensors improve the prognostic capacity for the detection of faults with an undetermined origin. Also presented is an anomaly detection algorithm to foresee failures and to recognize their occurrence even when they do not register as alarms or events. The improvement in machine availability after the implementation of the novel system guarantees the accomplishment of the proposed objectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T15:30:39Z","timestamp":1618414239000},"page":"2762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Sensors Data Analysis in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems to Foresee Failures with an Undetermined Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"F. Javier","family":"Maseda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Group (ACG), Institute of Research and Development of Processes, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8823-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iker","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intenance, RDT Company, 48100 Munguia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itziar","family":"Martija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Group (ACG), Institute of Research and Development of Processes, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0734-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patxi","family":"Alkorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering School of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20600 Eibar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitor J.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Group (ACG), Institute of Research and Development of Processes, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izaskun","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Control Group (ACG), Institute of Research and Development of Processes, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2016.2523639","article-title":"Guest Editorial: Industry 4.0\u2014Prerequisites and visions","volume":"13","author":"Hess","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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