{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:08:13Z","timestamp":1777100893956,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, good high-voltage insulation performance, and fast response speed. The fluorescent material of the sensor probe directly determines the temperature measurement effect. In this paper, a new type of fluorescent material with a Mn2+-doped Ca2SiO4 phosphor (CSO:Mn2+) is synthesized via the solid-state reaction method at 1450 \u00b0C. The X-ray diffraction spectrum shows that the sintered sample has a pure phase structure, although the diffraction peaks show a slight shift when dopants are added. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity and lifetime in the range from 290 to 450 K is explored with the help of a fluorescence spectrometer. Green emission bands peaking at 475 and 550 nm from Mn2+ are observed in the fluorescence spectra, and the intensity of emitted light decreases as the temperature rises. The average lifetime of CSO:Mn2+ is 17 ms, which is much higher than the commonly used fluorescent materials on the market. The fluorescence lifetime decreases with increasing temperature and shows a good linear relationship within a certain temperature range. The research results are of great significance to the development of a new generation of fluorescence sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T21:35:13Z","timestamp":1618522513000},"page":"2788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Research of Fluorescent Properties of a New Type of Phosphor with Mn2+-Doped Ca2SiO4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaozhou","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangcheng","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueyi","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.181","article-title":"Bioimaging: Hot nanoparticles light up cancer","volume":"5","author":"Weaver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalski, L., Eckersdorf, K., Kucharski, J., and McGhee, J. (2001). Temperature Measurement, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470846135"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maekawa, S. (2004). Physics of Transition Metal Oxides, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-09298-9"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Beheim, G. (1995). Integrated Optics Microstructure Sensors, Springer."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15269","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC05011F","article-title":"Highly reliable all-fiber temperature sensor based on the fluoresence intensity ratio (FIR) technique in Er3+\/Yb3+ co-doped NaYF4 phosphors","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"85","article-title":"On-line monitoring system of electrical equipment based on fluorescent optical fiber temperature measurement","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electr. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"3732","article-title":"Research on temperature sensing of dislocation fiber interference laser spectroscopy combined with BP neural network","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wang, D.D. (2011). Research on Fiber Grating Temperature Measurement System Based on F-P Filter Demodulation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Beijing Industry University]."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"114","article-title":"Multi-channel self-calibrating gallium arsenide absorption optical fiber temperature monitoring system","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60102a","article-title":"Luminescent probes and sensors for temperature","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"121","article-title":"Research on calibration and temperature compensation method of cable distributed optical fiber temperature measuring device","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30312","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12176","article-title":"Sensitivity modulation of upconverting thermometry through engineering phonon energy of a matrix","volume":"8","author":"Suo","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.005214","article-title":"Blue emissions in Dy3+ doped Y4Al2O9 crystals for temperature sensing","volume":"37","author":"Boruc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5314","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.005314","article-title":"Detecting the origin of luminescence in Er3+-doped hexagonal Na1.5Gd1.5F6 phosphors","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b03625","article-title":"Ratiometric optical thermometer based on dual near-infrared emission in Cr3+-doped bismuth-based gallate host","volume":"28","author":"Back","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Suo, Y. (2017). Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement System Based on Fluoresence Intesity. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Zhejiang University]."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1063\/1.368705","article-title":"Comparison of fluorescence-based temperature sensor schemes: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation","volume":"84","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2018.10.048","article-title":"Luminescence properties of a new green emitting long afterglow phosphor Ca14Zn6Ga10O35:Mn2+,Ge4+","volume":"206","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1134\/S1087659620060255","article-title":"The physical, optical, photo and radioluminescence studies of Dy3+ doped Zinc Barium Gadolinium phosphate glasses","volume":"46","author":"Shoaib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glass Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.006687","article-title":"Strategy for thermometry via Tm3+-doped NaYF4 core-shell nanoparticles","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synthesis, physical, optical properties, and gamma-ray absorbing competency or capability of PbO\u2013B2O3\u2013CaO glasses reinforced with Nd3+\/Er3+ ions","volume":"136","author":"Sayyed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Plus"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Eu-doped Ca2SiO4 as a new radio-photoluminescence phosphor","volume":"42","author":"Asada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"2371","article-title":"Raman spectra and fluorescence spectra of Tb doped aluminosilicate","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141912","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4824208","article-title":"Luminescence thermometry with Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ powder","volume":"103","author":"Lojpur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01500C","article-title":"Synthesis of Mn2+:Zn2SiO4\u2013Eu3+:Gd2O3 nanocomposites for highly sensitive optical thermometry through the synergistic luminescence from lanthanide-transition metal ions","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.004950","article-title":"Cr3+-doped Bi2Ga4O9-Bi2Al4O9 solid-solution phosphors: Crystal-field modulation and lifetime-based temperature sensing","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Wu, Y.X. (2011). Study on Cr3+:MgAl2O4 Optical Fiber Fluoresence Lifetme Temperature Sensor, Zhejiang University."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126640","article-title":"Multimodal temperature sensing using Zn2GeO4:Mn2+ phosphor as highly sensitive luminescent thermometer","volume":"296","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9469","DOI":"10.1021\/jp057214t","article-title":"Tunable photoluminescent and cathodoluminescent properties of ZnO and ZnO:Zn phosphors","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2016.10.013","article-title":"Fe3+ red phosphors based on lithiumaluminates and an aluminum lithium oxyfluoride prepared from LiF as the Li Source","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2006.07.035","article-title":"Synthesis and optical properties of Co2+ doped ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals","volume":"296","author":"Duan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Ni, J. (2018). Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of SiAlON Phosphors Doped by Transition Metal Mn. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1039\/C7DT03906A","article-title":"Luminescence properties and the thermalquenching mechanism of Mn2+ doped Zn2GeO4 long persistent phosphors","volume":"47","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. (2019). Synthesis and Research on Photoluminescence of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Silicate Phosphors. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Science and Technology of China]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7756","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201402520","article-title":"Tailoring of deep-red luminesence in Ca2SiO4:Eu2+","volume":"53","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1021\/cm501516m","article-title":"Ce3+-activated \u03b3-Ca2SiO4 and other olivine-type ABXO4 phosphors for solid-state lighting","volume":"26","author":"Kalaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.09.011","article-title":"Photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Eu2+ and Mn2+ co-doped BaSi3O4N2 phosphors","volume":"653","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.03.082","article-title":"A new mechanism for temperature sensing based on the thermal population of 7F2 state in Eu3+","volume":"231","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34546","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b10917","article-title":"Investigation of SrB4O7:Sm2+ as a multimode temperature sensor with high sensitivity","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Inter."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tc30763h","article-title":"Temperature Sensor Based on the UV Upconversion Luminescence of Gd3+ in Yb3+-Tm3+-Gd3+ Codoped NaLuF4 Microcrystals","volume":"1","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.11.126","article-title":"Upconversion based temperature sensing ability of Er3+\u2013Yb3+ codoped SrWO4: An optical heating phosphor","volume":"209","author":"Pandey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B Chem."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/8\/2788\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:48:24Z","timestamp":1760161704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/8\/2788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s21082788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082788","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]}}}