{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:55:55Z","timestamp":1787698555209,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Brazilian Cerrado (tropical savanna) is the second largest biome in South America and the main region in the country for agricultural production. Altitude is crucial information for decision-makers and planners since it is directly related to temperature that conditions, for example, the climatic risk of rainfed crop plantations. This study analyzes the conformity of two freely available digital elevation models (DEMs), the NASADEM Merged Digital Elevation Model Global 1 arc second (NASADEM_HGT) version 1 and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite Global Digital Surface Model (ALOS AW3D30), version 3.1, with the altitudes provided by 1695 reference stations of the Brazilian Geodetic System. Both models were evaluated based on the parameters recommended in the Brazilian Cartographic Accuracy Standard for Digital Cartographic Products (PEC-PCD), which defines error tolerances according to eight different scales (from 1:1000 to 1:250,000) and classes A (most strict tolerance, for example, 0.17 m for 1:1000 scale), B, C, and D (least strict tolerance, for example, 50 m for 1:250,000 scale). Considering the class A, the NASADEM_HGT meets 1:250,000 and lower scales, while AW3D30 meets 1:100,000 and lower scales; for class B, NASADEM_HGT meets 1:100,000 scale and AW3D30 meets 1:50,000. AW3D30 presented lower values of root mean square error, standard deviation, and bias, indicating that it presents higher accuracy in relation to the NASADEM_HGT. Within eight of Cerrado\u2019s municipalities with the highest grain production, the differences between average altitudes, measured by the Cohen\u2019s effect size, were statistically insignificant. The results obtained by the PEC-PCD for the Cerrado biome indicate that both models can be employed in different DEM-dependent applications over this biome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21092935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T21:25:56Z","timestamp":1619126756000},"page":"2935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Conformity of the NASADEM_HGT and ALOS AW3D30 DEM with the Altitude from the Brazilian Geodetic Reference Stations: A Case Study from Brazilian Cerrado"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Giovana Maranh\u00e3o","family":"Bettiol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and GIS Lab (LAPIG), Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia 74001-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina 73301-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Eduardo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and GIS Lab (LAPIG), Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia 74001-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Pacheco","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), Bras\u00edlia 70818-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9dipo Henrique","family":"Cremon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goi\u00e1s (IFG), Goi\u00e2nia 74055-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5760-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson Eyji","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina 73301-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/22797254.2020.1774424","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of ALOS AW3D30 DSM and comparison to ALOS PRISM DSM created with classical photogrammetric techniques","volume":"53","author":"Nikolakopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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