{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:21:29Z","timestamp":1777101689827,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST-102-2628-B-010-010-MY3, MOST-109-2221-E-010-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-102-2628-B-010-010-MY3, MOST-109-2221-E-010-010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electric cell\u2013substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been used as a real-time impedance-based method to quantify cell behavior in tissue culture. The method is capable of measuring both the resistance and capacitance of a cell-covered microelectrode at various AC frequencies. In this study, we demonstrate the application of high-frequency capacitance measurement (f = 40 or 64 kHz) for the sensitive detection of both the micromotion and wound-healing migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Impedance measurements of cell-covered electrodes upon the challenge of various concentrations of carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), from 0.1 to 30 \u03bcM, were conducted using ECIS. FCCP is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thereby reducing mitochondrial ATP production. By numerically analyzing the time-series capacitance data, a dose-dependent decrease in hMSC micromotion and wound-healing migration was observed, and the effect was significantly detected at levels as low as 0.1 \u03bcM. While most reported works with ECIS use the resistance\/impedance time series, our results suggest the potential use of high-frequency capacitance time series for assessing migratory cell behavior such as micromotion and wound-healing migration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"3017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detecting Effects of Low Levels of FCCP on Stem Cell Micromotion and Wound-Healing Migration by Time-Series Capacitance Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si-Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Tse-Hua","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Po","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Han","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7345-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiao-Pieng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Min","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.101451","article-title":"Cell migration: From tissue culture to embryos","volume":"141","author":"Reig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2720","article-title":"Collective cell migration in morphogenesis, regeneration and cancer","volume":"10","author":"Friedl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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