{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T19:21:31Z","timestamp":1775848891197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unmanned aerial systems (UAVs) are dramatically evolving and promoting several civil applications. However, they are still prone to many security issues that threaten public safety. Security becomes even more challenging when they are connected to the Internet as their data stream is exposed to attacks. Unmanned traffic management (UTM) represents one of the most important topics for small unmanned aerial systems for beyond-line-of-sight operations in controlled low-altitude airspace. However, without securing the flight path exchanges between drones and ground stations or control centers, serious security threats may lead to disastrous situations. For example, a predefined flight path could be easily altered to make the drone perform illegal operations. Motivated by these facts, this paper discusses the security issues for UTM\u2019s components and addresses the security requirements for such systems. Moreover, we propose UTM-Chain, a lightweight blockchain-based security solution using hyperledger fabric for UTM of low-altitude UAVs which fits the computational and storage resources limitations of UAVs. Moreover, UTM-Chain provides secure and unalterable traffic data between the UAVs and their ground control stations. The performance of the proposed system related to transaction latency and resource utilization is analyzed by using cAdvisor. Finally, the analysis of security aspects demonstrates that the proposed UTM-Chain scheme is feasible and extensible for the secure sharing of UAV data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T21:18:20Z","timestamp":1619558300000},"page":"3049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["UTM-Chain: Blockchain-Based Secure Unmanned Traffic Management for Internet of Drones"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azza","family":"Allouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"},{"name":"Robotics and Internet of Things Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Cheikhrouhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis","family":"Koub\u00e2a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Internet of Things Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalifa","family":"Toumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRT SystemX, Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khalgui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Zhuhai Campus, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis 1080, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuan","family":"Nguyen Gia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100369","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem: Applications, approaches and taxonomy","volume":"40","author":"Cheikhrouhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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