{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:33:24Z","timestamp":1771036404861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2SB1AG032748-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2SB1AG032748-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Social isolation during COVID-19 may negatively impact older adults\u2019 wellbeing. To assess its impact, we measured changes in physical activity and sleep among community-dwelling older adults, from pre-to post-pandemic declaration. Method: Physical activity and sleep in older adults (n = 10, age = 77.3 \u00b1 1.9 years, female = 40%) were remotely assessed within 3-month pre-to 6-month post-pandemic declaration using a pendant-wearable system. Depression was assessed pre-and post-pandemic declaration using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and was compared with 48 h continuous physical activity monitoring data before and during pandemic. Results: Compared to pre-pandemic, post-pandemic time spent in standing declined by 32.7% (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.78, p &lt; 0.01), walking by 52.2% (d = 1.1, p &lt; 0.01), step-counts by 55.1% (d = 1.0, p = 0.016), and postural transitions by 44.6% (d = 0.82, p = 0.017) with increase in sitting duration by 20.5% (d = 0.5, p = 0.049). Depression symptoms increased by 150% (d = 0.8, p = 0.046). Interestingly, increase in depression was significantly correlated with unbroken-prolong sitting bout (\u03c1 = 0.677, p = 0.032), cadence (\u03c1 = \u22120.70, p = 0.024), and sleep duration (\u03c1 = \u22120.72, p = 0.019). Conclusion: This is one of the early longitudinal studies highlighting adverse effect of the pandemic on objectively assessed physical activity and sleep in older adults. Our observations showed need for timely intervention to mitigate hard to reverse consequences of decreased physical activity such as depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T01:43:24Z","timestamp":1619660604000},"page":"3090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Decrease in Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Association with Increase in Depression among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Remote Mobility Monitoring Using a Wearable Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramkinker","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4056-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele K.","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Kunik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"VA Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX 77021, USA"},{"name":"VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (a Virtual Center), Houston, TX 77021, USA"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Wung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"given":"Aanand D.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX 77021, USA"},{"name":"VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (a Virtual Center), Houston, TX 77021, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijan","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berg-Weger, M., and Morley, J.E. (2020). Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 456\u2013458.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1366-8"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad, J., and Smith, T.B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for CVD: Implications for evidence-based patient care and scientific inquiry. Heart, 987\u2013989.","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-309242"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. 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