{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:59:11Z","timestamp":1760234351341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Start up project of introducing high level talents in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["NDYB2018-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2018-16"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62005135","61725501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62005135","61725501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high update rate is always one of the vital indices of star trackers. By recording star positions at N moments within a single star image, the multi-exposure imaging approach (MEIA) proposed in an earlier study can improve the attitude update rate of star trackers by N times. Unfortunately, when the existing star matching method is adopted to match the observed and predicted stars in MEIA, the matching time is significantly increased with the increase in multi-exposure times, N, or the number of navigation stars, M, which sharply affects the MEIA\u2019s performance. Therefore, a fast star matching method based on double K-vector lookup tables (DKVLUTs) is proposed to address the above issue. In this method, the information of all predicted stars is used to establish the DKVLUT, and thus, the speed of the whole matching process between observed and predicted stars would be increased effectively by means of the DKVLUT. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method. The results both show that the matching time of the proposed method is reduced by nearly one order of magnitude compared with that of the existing method, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"3176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fast Star Matching Method Based on Double K-Vector Lookup Tables for Multi-Exposure Star Trackers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanzhong","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2961271","article-title":"Improved Grid Algorithm Based on Star Pair Pattern and Two-dimensional Angular Distances for Full-Sky Star Identification","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, S., Hervas-Martin, E., Byrne, J., Dunne, A., Espinosa-Aranda, J.L., and Rijlaarsdam, D. 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