{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1775182871190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by a grant from the Subway Fine Dust Reduction Technology Development Project of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport","award":["21QPPW-B152306-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21QPPW-B152306-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gravel is used in railway infrastructure to reduce environmental impacts and noise, but gravel on tracks must be replaced continuously because it deforms due to wear and weathering. It is therefore necessary to review the entire railroad life cycle. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to measure resuspended dust over a wide area. The dust was generated from transport movements in relation to the operation of a quarry, which represents the first stage of the railway life cycle. The dust was measured at Gangwon-do quarry using a Sniffer4D module, which can provide measurements at 1 s intervals through a light scattering method and has high reliability (R2 = 0.95 for PM2.5, R2 = 0.88 for PM10). The hourly generation of fugitive dust was calculated as 2937.5 g\/h for PM2.5 and 4293.2 g\/h for PM10. The social cost of dust generation was calculated as KRW 36.59 billion. The amount of dust generated per hour at the quarry was ~12 times greater than that generated by the operation of a regulator as a maintenance vehicle, with the largest amount of fugitive dust generated by the washing-type vehicle. This is the first study to measure the amount of fugitive dust generated in real time at 1 s intervals by monitoring the first stage of the railroad life cycle over a wide area using a Sniffer4D module attached to a UAV. This method can be replicated for use in various studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"3206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A UAV-Based Air Quality Evaluation Method for Determining Fugitive Emissions from a Quarry during the Railroad Life Cycle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-kyeong","family":"KIM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Railroad Test &amp; Certification Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yelim","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science &amp; Technology (UST),  Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeseok","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science &amp; Technology (UST),  Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duckshin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.02.010","article-title":"The health burden and economic costs averted by ambient PM2.5 pollution reductions in Nagpur, India","volume":"102","author":"Etchie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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