{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:45:35Z","timestamp":1772235935025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3on y Universidades and FEDER funds","award":["DPI2017-88062-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2017-88062-R"]}]},{"name":"Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain)","award":["Line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M26),"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M26),"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital control for high switching frequency converter enables new features on DC-DC power conversion for a minimum cost. Frequency response identification is one such enabled functionality used in auto tunning, measurement of components to assess the converter\u2019s state of health, or system stability monitoring. High accuracy, flexibility to operate in open or closed loop, and minimum impact in the converter\u2019s regular operation are the frequency response identification system\u2019s goals. We propose in this paper a nonparametric identification system addressing these main goals. First, it can autoadjust the perturbation size to reduce the perturbation\u2019s impact on the converter\u2019s output quantities. Second, as it is based on spectral analysis, it is suitable for open and closed-loop operation. Third, we demonstrate the identification system\u2019s high accuracy, achieving a very low difference between the experimental measurements and the discrete model used as reference.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"3234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nonparametric Frequency Response Identification for Dc-Dc Converters Based on Spectral Analysis with Automatic Determination of the Perturbation Amplitude"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marlon","family":"Granda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Power Electronics Systems Group (GSEP), Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power Electronics Systems Group (GSEP), Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Barrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power Electronics Systems Group (GSEP), Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Zumel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power Electronics Systems Group (GSEP), Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandwani, A., Dey, S., and Mallik, A. 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