{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:58:52Z","timestamp":1778590732620,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","award":["00000172805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000172805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article focuses on the output feedback control of single-link flexible-joint robot manipulators (SFJRMs) with matched disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Formally, four sensing elements are required to design the controller for single-link manipulators. We have designed a robust control technique for the semiglobal stabilization problem of the angular position of the link in the SFJRM system, with the availability of only a position sensing device. The sliding mode control (SMC) based output feedback controller is devised for SFJRM dynamics. The nonlinear model of SFJRM is considered to estimate the unknown states utilizing the high-gain observer (HGO). It is shown that the output under SMC using HGO-based estimated states coincides with that using original states when the gains of HGO are sufficiently high. Finally, the results are presented showing that the designed control technique works well when the SFJRM model is uncertain and matched perturbations are expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T02:54:58Z","timestamp":1620615298000},"page":"3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Robust Output Feedback Control of Single-Link Flexible-Joint Robot Manipulator with Matched Disturbances Using High Gain Observer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4022-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hameed","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad Mumtaz","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abid","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7039-5368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2193-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rameez","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjum","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6075-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G000197","article-title":"Nonlinear adaptive output feedback control of flexible-joint space manipulators with joint stiffness uncertainties","volume":"37","author":"Ulrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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