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The new generation of CMB telescopes are expected to reach unprecedented levels of sensitivity to allow a very precise measurement of the B-mode of polarization, the curl-like polarization component expected from gravitational waves coming from Starobinski inflationary models. Due to the CMB polarized signal weakness, the instruments must be subjected to very precise calibration processes before and after launching. Celestial sources are often used as external references for calibration after launch, but these sources are not perfectly characterized. As a baseline option, L2-CalSat is based on the CubeSat standard and serves as a perfectly known source of a reference signal to reduce polarization measurements uncertainty. A preliminary design of L2-CalSat is described and, according to the scanning strategy followed by the telescope, the influence of the relative position between the spacecrafts in the calibration process is studied. This new calibration element will have a huge impact on the performance of CMB space missions, providing a significant improvement in the measurements accuracy without requiring new and costly technological developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T22:46:14Z","timestamp":1620859574000},"page":"3361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["L2-CalSat: A Calibration Satellite for Ultra-Sensitive CMB Polarization Space Missions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-UC, Avda. de los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-UC, Avda. de los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Bermejo-Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario <i>Ignacio Da Riva<\/i> (IDR\/UPM), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario <i>Ignacio Da Riva<\/i> (IDR\/UPM), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Cubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario <i>Ignacio Da Riva<\/i> (IDR\/UPM), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Vielva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-UC, Avda. de los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita B.","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-UC, Avda. de los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario <i>Ignacio Da Riva<\/i> (IDR\/UPM), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tristram, M., Banday, A.J., G\u00f3rski, K.M., Keskitalo, R., Lawrence, C.R., Andersen, K.J., Barreiro, R.B., Borrill, J., Eriksen, H.K., and Fernandez-Cobos, R. 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