{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:14:41Z","timestamp":1768266881264,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Program on Key Research and Development Project of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2018YFC0213103,41901081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0213103,41901081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the development of a laser gas analyzer that measures gas concentrations at a data rate of 100 Hz. This fast data rate helps eddy covariance calculations for gas fluxes in turbulent high wind speed environments. The laser gas analyzer is based on derivative laser absorption spectroscopy and set for measurements of water vapor (H2O, at wavelength ~1392 nm) and carbon dioxide (CO2, at ~2004 nm). This instrument, in combination with an ultrasonic anemometer, has been tested experimentally in both marine and terrestrial environments. First, we compared the accuracy of results between the laser gas analyzer and a high-quality commercial instrument with a max data rate of 20 Hz. We then analyzed and compared the correlation of H2O flux results at data rates of 100 Hz and 20 Hz in both high and low wind speeds to verify the contribution of high frequency components. The measurement results show that the contribution of 100 Hz data rate to flux calculations is about 11% compared to that measured with 20 Hz data rate, in an environment with wind speed of ~10 m\/s. Therefore, it shows that the laser gas analyzer with high detection frequency is more suitable for measurements in high wind speed environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:28:36Z","timestamp":1620962916000},"page":"3392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of a Laser Gas Analyzer for Fast CO2 and H2O Flux Measurements Utilizing Derivative Absorption Spectroscopy at a 100 Hz Data Rate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yabai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnHui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HeFei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bangyi","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6522-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueling","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1982)012<0464:SALHFM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sensible and latent heat flux measurements over the ocean","volume":"12","author":"Large","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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