{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:31:18Z","timestamp":1778952678590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Research Funds of Renmin University of China","award":["20XNF022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20XNF022"]}]},{"name":"building world class universities (disciplines) of Renmin University of China, Major projects of the National Social Science Fund","award":["16ZDA052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ZDA052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The largest possible earthquake magnitude based on geographical characteristics for a selected return period is required in earthquake engineering, disaster management, and insurance. Ground-based observations combined with statistical analyses may offer new insights into earthquake prediction. In this study, to investigate the seismic characteristics of different geographical regions in detail, clustering was used to provide earthquake zoning for Mainland China based on the geographical features of earthquake events. In combination with geospatial methods, statistical extreme value models and the right-truncated Gutenberg\u2013Richter model were used to analyze the earthquake magnitudes of Mainland China under both clustering and non-clustering. The results demonstrate that the right-truncated peaks-over-threshold model is the relatively optimal statistical model compared with classical extreme value theory models, the estimated return level of which is very close to that of the geographical-based right-truncated Gutenberg\u2013Richter model. Such statistical models can provide a quantitative analysis of the probability of future earthquake risks in China, and geographical information can be integrated to locate the earthquake risk accurately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1621340236000},"page":"3519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Return Period Evaluation of the Largest Possible Earthquake Magnitudes in Mainland China Based on Extreme Value Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengwang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Santis, A., Abbattista, C., Alfonsi, L., Amoruso, L., Campuzano, S.A., Carbone, M., Cesaroni, C., Cianchini, G., De Franceschi, G., and De Santis, A. 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