{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T10:40:39Z","timestamp":1773571239097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2018BF032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2018BF032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QN0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QN0028"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Shandong, China","award":["2019JZZY010417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JZZY010417"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["841962003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["841962003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["41527901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41527901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple reflection has been proven to be an effective method to enhance the gas detection sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy, while Raman gas probes based on the multiple reflection principle have been rarely reported on. In this paper, a multi-reflection, cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) probe was developed and used for in situ multi-component gas detection. Owing to signal transmission through optical fibers and the miniaturization of multi-reflection cavity, the CERS probe exhibited the advantages of in situ detection and higher detection sensitivity. Compared with the conventional, backscattering Raman layout, the CERS probe showed a better performance for the detection of weak signals with a relatively lower background. According to the 3\u03c3 criteria, the detection limits of this CERS probe for methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor are calculated to be 44.5 ppm, 192.9 ppm, 317.5 ppm and 0.67%, respectively. The results presented the development of this CERS probe as having great potential to provide a new method for industrial, multi-component online gas detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T21:49:21Z","timestamp":1621460961000},"page":"3539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["High-Sensitivity Raman Gas Probe for In Situ Multi-Component Gas Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jinjia","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Dewang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266000, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China"}]},{"given":"Shuke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China"}]},{"given":"Andong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27567","article-title":"Online measurement of dissolved carbon monoxide concentrations reveals critical operating conditions in gas fermentation experiments","volume":"118","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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