{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1765295218910,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single-board computers (SBCs) and microcontroller boards (MCBs) are extensively used nowadays as prototyping platforms to accomplish innovative tasks. Very recently, implementations of these devices for diagnostics applications are rapidly gaining ground for research and educational purposes. Among the available solutions, Raspberry Pi represents one of the most used SBCs. In the present work, two setups based on Raspberry Pi and its CMOS-based camera (a 3D-printed device and an adaptation of a commercial product named We-Lab) were investigated as diagnostic instruments. Different camera elaboration processes were investigated, showing how direct access to the 10-bit raw data acquired from the sensor before downstream imaging processes could be beneficial for photometric applications. The developed solution was successfully applied to the evaluation of the oxidative stress using two commercial kits (d-ROM Fast; PAT). We suggest the analysis of raw data applied to SBC and MCB platforms in order to improve results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"3552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sensing Optimum in the Raw: Leveraging the Raw-Data Imaging Capabilities of Raspberry Pi for Diagnostics Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Mangia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Candiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana Jessica","family":"Mangiaracina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Grazioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Sozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNAPhone S.R.L., Viale Mentana 150, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2429-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Gorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H&amp;D S.R.L., Strada Langhirano 264\/1a, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Bussolati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Basini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Selleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00010B","article-title":"Mobile Phones Democratize and Cultivate Next-Generation Imaging, Diagnostics and Measurement Tools","volume":"14","author":"Ozcan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banik, S., Melanthota, S.K., Vaz, J.M., Kadambalithaya, V.M., Hussain, I., Dutta, S., and Mazumder, N. 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