{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:31:08Z","timestamp":1772037068262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFA0201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0201901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly arisen technology for mechanical energy harvesting from the environment, such as raindrops, wind, tides, and so on. It has attracted widespread attention in flexible electronics to serve as self-powered sensors and energy-harvesting devices because of its flexibility, durability, adaptability, and multi-functionalities. In this work, we fabricated a tubular flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TF-TENG) with energy harvesting and human motion monitoring capabilities by employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as construction material, and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) films coated with Cu as the triboelectric layer and electrode, serving in a free-standing mode. The tube structure has excellent stretchability that can be stretched up to 400%. Modifying the FEP films to obtain a superhydrophobic surface, the output performance of TF-TENG was increased by at least 100% compared to an untreated one. Finally, as the output of TF-TENG is sensitive to swing angle and frequency, demonstration of real-time monitoring of human motion state was realized when a TF-TENG was worn on the wrist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"3634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Tubular Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Superhydrophobic Surface for Human Motion Detecting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}]},{"given":"Zhizhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangwen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3913-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"given":"Youfan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9614","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b04898","article-title":"Lab-on-skin: A review of flexible and stretchable electronics for wearable health monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11239","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00019","article-title":"Electronic muscles and skins: A review of soft sensors and actuators","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. 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