{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T03:12:01Z","timestamp":1774321921121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 823895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 823895"]}]},{"name":"MICINN\/FEDER","award":["RTI2018-101580-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-101580-B-I00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017SGR418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDR J001019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDR J001019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003741","name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACADEMIA 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACADEMIA 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a methodology to quantify oxidizing and reducing gases using n-type and p-type chemiresistive sensors, respectively. Low temperature sensor heating with pulsed UV or visible light modulation is used together with the application of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract sensor response features. These features are further processed via principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component regression (PCR) for achieving gas discrimination and building concentration prediction models with R2 values up to 98% and RMSE values as low as 5% for the total gas concentration range studied. UV and visible light were used to study the influence of the light wavelength in the prediction model performance. We demonstrate that n-type and p-type sensors need to be used together for achieving good quantification of oxidizing and reducing species, respectively, since the semiconductor type defines the prediction model\u2019s effectiveness towards an oxidizing or reducing gas. The presented method reduces considerably the total time needed to quantify the gas concentration compared with the results obtained in a previous work. The use of visible light LEDs for performing pulsed light modulation enhances system performance and considerably reduces cost in comparison to previously reported UV light-based approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1622113622000},"page":"3736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["On the Use of Pulsed UV or Visible Light Activated Gas Sensing of Reducing and Oxidising Species with WO3 and WS2 Nanomaterials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Casanova-Chafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aanchal","family":"Alagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3502-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6245-7933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chimie des Interactions Plasma e Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Cossement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materia Nova, Parc Initialis, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chimie des Interactions Plasma e Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6164-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Llobet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering, Uiversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, August 14). 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