{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T09:07:57Z","timestamp":1781255277289,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Managing the large volumes of IoT and M2M traffic requires the evaluation of the scalability and reliability for all the components in the end-to-end system. This includes connectivity, mobile network functions, and application or services receiving and processing the data from end devices. Firstly, this paper discusses the design of a containerized IoT and M2M application and the mechanisms for delivering automated scalability and high availability when deploying it in: (1) the edge using balenaCloud; (2) the Amazon Web Services cloud with EC2 instances; and (3) the dedicated Amazon Web Services IoT service. The experiments showed that there are no significant differences between edge and cloud deployments regarding resource consumption. Secondly, the solutions for scaling the 4G\/5G network functions and mobile backhaul that provide the connectivity between devices and IoT\/M2M applications are analyzed. In this case, the scalability and high availability of the 4G\/5G components are provided by Kubernetes. The experiments showed that our proposed scaling algorithm for network slicing managed with SDN guarantees the necessary radio and network resources for end-to-end high availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1622432729000},"page":"3773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["SDN-Based Network Slicing Mechanism for a Scalable 4G\/5G Core Network: A Kubernetes Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Botez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Costa-Requena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iustin-Alexandru","family":"Ivanciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Strautiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgil","family":"Dobrota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, March 25). 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