{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:02:43Z","timestamp":1773306163237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost commercial smartwatch, the Xiaomi Mi Band (MB), in extracting physical activity and sleep-related measures and show its potential use in addressing questions that require large-scale real-time data and\/or intercultural data including low-income countries. We evaluated physical activity and sleep-related measures and discussed the potential application of such devices for large-scale step and sleep data acquisition. To that end, we conducted two separate studies. In Study 1, we evaluated the performance of MB by comparing it to the GT3X (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT), a scientific actigraph used in research, as well as subjective sleep reports. In Study 2, we distributed the MB across four countries (Austria, Germany, Cuba, and Ukraine) and investigated physical activity and sleep among these countries. The results of Study 1 indicated that MB step counts correlated highly with the scientific GT3X device, but did display biases. In addition, the MB-derived wake-up and total-sleep-times showed high agreement with subjective reports, but partly deviated from GT3X predictions. Study 2 revealed similar MB step counts across countries, but significant later wake-up and bedtimes for Ukraine than the other countries. We hope that our studies will stimulate future large-scale sensor-based physical activity and sleep research studies, including various cultures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1622432729000},"page":"3774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of a Low-Cost Commercial Actigraph and Its Potential Use in Detecting Cultural Variations in Physical Activity and Sleep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlos","family":"Topalidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition & Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition & Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-7632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther-Sevil","family":"Eigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition & Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Kurapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto Beltran","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 10200 Havana, Cuba"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Schabus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition & Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IDC (2021, February 26). 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