{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:02:38Z","timestamp":1760234558524,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science Foundation of China","award":["61672198, 62072121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672198, 62072121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In low-duty-cycle wireless networks with unreliable and correlated links, Opportunistic Routing (OR) is extremely costly because of the unaligned working schedules of nodes within a common candidate forwarder set. In this work, we propose a novel polynomial-time node scheduling scheme considering link correlation for OR in low-duty-cycle wireless networks (LDC-COR), which significantly improves the performance by assigning nodes with low correlation to a common group and scheduling the nodes within this group to wake up simultaneously for forwarding packets in a common cycle. By taking account of both link correlation and link quality, the performance of the expected transmission count (ETX) is improved by adopting the LDC-COR protocol. As a result, the energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR is significantly reduced. LDC-COR only requires the information of one-hop neighboring nodes which introduces minimal communication overhead. The proposed LDC-COR bridges the gap between the nodes\u2019 limited energy resource and the application lifetime requirements. We evaluate the performance of LDC-COR with extensive simulations and a physical wireless testbed consisting of 20 TelosB nodes. The evaluation results show that both transmission efficiency and energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR are significantly improved with only a slight increase of end-to-end delay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T23:07:03Z","timestamp":1622588823000},"page":"3840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Link-Correlation-Aware Opportunistic Routing in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xingfa","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9092-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenxian","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1383-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Lilith Technology Corporation, Jiading District, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-1727-9","article-title":"A flexible and highly sensitive graphene-based strain sensor for structural health monitoring","volume":"22","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clust. 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