{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:04:40Z","timestamp":1760234680481,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, green computing has received significant attention for Internet of Things (IoT) environments due to the growing computing demands under tiny sensor enabled smart services. The related literature on green computing majorly focuses on a cover set approach that works efficiently for target coverage, but it is not applicable in case of area coverage. In this paper, we present a new variant of a cover set approach called a grouping and sponsoring aware IoT framework (GS-IoT) that is suitable for area coverage. We achieve non-overlapping coverage for an entire sensing region employing sectorial sensing. Non-overlapping coverage not only guarantees a sufficiently good coverage in case of large number of sensors deployed randomly, but also maximizes the life span of the whole network with appropriate scheduling of sensors. A deployment model for distribution of sensors is developed to ensure a minimum threshold density of sensors in the sensing region. In particular, a fast converging grouping (FCG) algorithm is developed to group sensors in order to ensure minimal overlapping. A sponsoring aware sectorial coverage (SSC) algorithm is developed to set off redundant sensors and to balance the overall network energy consumption. GS-IoT framework effectively combines both the algorithms for smart services. The simulation experimental results attest to the benefit of the proposed framework as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of various metrics for smart IoT environments including rate of overlapping, response time, coverage, active sensors, and life span of the overall network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21123948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1623187018000},"page":"3948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Grouping and Sponsoring Centric Green Coverage Model for Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India"}]},{"given":"Rabah","family":"AlShboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geetika","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science & Technology, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omprakash","family":"Kaiwartya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science & Technology, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1850-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mobile Computing, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Management Coastal Research Institue, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"School of Computing and Digital Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke ST4 2DE, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Ahmad","family":"Al-Khasawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer & Information Technology, Al-Madinah International University, Kuala Lumpur 57100, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaiswal, A., Kumar, S., Kaiwartya, O., Kumar, N., Song, H., and Lloret, J. 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