{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:08:25Z","timestamp":1785521305045,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01LP1602B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01LP1602B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01LP1912B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01LP1912B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010809","name":"Umweltbundesamt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3718-51-240-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3718-51-240-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decade, manufacturers have come forth with cost-effective sensors for measuring ambient and indoor particulate matter concentration. What these sensors make up for in cost efficiency, they lack in reliability of the measured data due to their sensitivities to temperature and relative humidity. These weaknesses are especially evident when it comes to portable or mobile measurement setups. In recent years many studies have been conducted to assess the possibilities and limitations of these sensors, however mostly restricted to stationary measurements. This study reviews the published literature until 2020 on cost-effective sensors, summarizes the recommendations of experts in the field based on their experiences, and outlines the quantile-mapping methodology to calibrate low-cost sensors in mobile applications. Compared to the commonly used linear regression method, quantile mapping retains the spatial characteristics of the measurements, although a common correction factor cannot be determined. We conclude that quantile mapping can be a useful calibration methodology for mobile measurements given a well-elaborated measurement plan assures providing the necessary data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21123960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1623187018000},"page":"3960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Calibration Method for Particulate Matter Low-Cost Sensors Used in Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3609-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janani","family":"Venkatraman Jagatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Klausnitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6370-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Chac\u00f3n-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flue Gas Cleaning and Air Quality Control, Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology (IFK), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 23, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Laquai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flue Gas Cleaning and Air Quality Control, Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology (IFK), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 23, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evert","family":"Nieuwkoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van der Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flue Gas Cleaning and Air Quality Control, Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology (IFK), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 23, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9914-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt271","article-title":"Associations between Short-term Changes in Air Pollution and Correlates of Arterial Stiffness: The Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, 2007\u20132011","volume":"179","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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