{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1764732931513,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A1025137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A1025137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the aerodynamic characteristics and lateral displacements of two staggered buildings in a linked-building (LB) system. Particle image velocimetry and pressure measurements are employed, and the lateral displacement is evaluated using a 3-dimensional analytical model. When the gap distance between two non-linked buildings is small, the wind flows in a narrow jet, and a strong suction is generated on the inner surfaces of the two buildings, leading to a large cross-wind-induced response. However, the cross-wind-induced response is significantly reduced when a link is installed, because the suction forces generated from the buildings are in opposite directions and have a negative aerodynamic correlation. Conversely, with a large gap distance, the buildings at the front obstruct the wind blowing toward the rear buildings. Therefore, while the pressure distribution, wind-force coefficients, and wind-induced responses of the front and rear buildings show similar trends, the magnitude of impact on the front building is larger than that on the rear building. Installing a link is demonstrated to reduce the wind-induced response of the buildings in an LB system. However, the reduction in the along-wind-induced response is less than that in the cross-wind-induced response when the gap distance is small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"4046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Aerodynamic Characteristics and Lateral Displacements of a Set of Two Buildings in a Linked Tall Building System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zengshun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China"}]},{"given":"Bubryur","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"},{"name":"Department of ICT Integrated Ocean Smart Cities Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Civil, Environment and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2021.104590","article-title":"A perspective on the aerodynamics and aeroelasticity of tapering: Partial reattachment","volume":"212","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2021.103232","article-title":"Measurement of unsteady aerodynamic force on a galloping prism in a turbulent flow: A hybrid aeroelastic-pressure balance","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.112387","article-title":"Unsteady aerodynamics on a tapered prism under forced excitation","volume":"240","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-020-0705-3","article-title":"Effects of corner modifications on wind loads and local pressures on walls of tall buildings","volume":"14","author":"Tse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Simul."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effect of aerodynamic modifications on the surface pressure patterns of buildings using proper orthogonal decomposition","volume":"32","author":"Tse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wind Struc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2020.104278","article-title":"Dynamic Mode Decomposition on pressure flow field analysis: Flow field reconstruction, accuracy, and practical significance","volume":"205","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2020.104312","article-title":"Aerodynamic interference effects of a proposed super high-rise building on the aerodynamic forces and responses of an existing building","volume":"206","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2013.01.012","article-title":"Pressure and flow field investigation of interference effects on external pressures between high-rise buildings","volume":"115","author":"Hui","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2012.11.007","article-title":"Interference effects between two rectangular-section high-rise buildings on local peak pressure coefficients","volume":"37","author":"Hui","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1260\/1369-4332.16.2.287","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of wind pressures and flow patterns for buildings with interference effect","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-3628(71)90018-1","article-title":"The interference between bluff sharp-edged cylinders in turbulent flows representing models of two tower buildings close together","volume":"6","author":"McLaren","year":"1971","journal-title":"Build. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-3628(75)90026-2","article-title":"The mean wind forces acting on a pair of square prisms","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"1975","journal-title":"Build. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(85)90043-1","article-title":"Interference excitation of twin tall buildings","volume":"21","author":"Bailey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(88)90128-6","article-title":"Aeroelastic behavior of tall buildings in wakes","volume":"28","author":"Taniike","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6105(97)00193-1","article-title":"Dynamic wind pressure acting on a tall building model\u2014Proper orthogonal decomposition","volume":"69\u201371","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2006.05.003","article-title":"Simplified formulas for evaluation of wind-induced interference effects among three tall buildings","volume":"95","author":"Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2011.02.007","article-title":"Interference effects on local peak pressures between two buildings","volume":"99","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101382","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of a structural link for a linked tall building system","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2017.06.018","article-title":"Effects of aerodynamic modification mechanisms on interference from neighboring buildings","volume":"168","author":"Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2019.01.016","article-title":"Statistical analysis of wind-induced pressure fields and PIV measurements on two buildings","volume":"188","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.02.021","article-title":"Investigation of flow visualization around linked tall buildings with circular sections","volume":"153","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2015.11.007","article-title":"Aerodynamics of closely spaced buildings: With application to linked buildings","volume":"149","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2017.02.007","article-title":"Performance of wind-excited linked building systems considering the link-induced structural coupling","volume":"138","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2018.09.001","article-title":"POD analysis for aerodynamic characteristics of tall linked building","volume":"181","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6105(98)00205-0","article-title":"On interference between two circular cylinders in staggered arrangement at high subcritical Reynolds numbers","volume":"80","author":"Gu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2003.07.014","article-title":"Staggered circular cylinders in a uniform planar shear flow","volume":"18","author":"Akosile","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2005.02.005","article-title":"Numerical investigation of flow patterns for staggered cylinder pairs in cross-flow","volume":"20","author":"Akbari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2004.11.003","article-title":"Investigation of Strouhal frequencies of two staggered bluffbodies and detection of multistable flow by wavelets","volume":"20","author":"Alam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2005.07.009","article-title":"Determination of flow configurations and fluid forces acting on two staggered circular cylinders of equal diameter in cross-flow","volume":"21","author":"Alam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2004.10.006","article-title":"Two staggered circular cylinders of equal diameter in cross-flow","volume":"20","author":"Sumner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112008001808","article-title":"Flow structure behind two staggered cylinders, Part I: Downstream evolution and classification","volume":"607","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2011.02.010","article-title":"Modeling of structural coupling for assessment of modal properties of twin tall buildings with a skybridge","volume":"99","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2014.08.015","article-title":"Dynamic characteristics of wind-excited linked twin buildings based on a 3-dimensional analytical model","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2018.09.013","article-title":"POD analysis of aerodynamic correlations and wind-induced responses of two tall linked buildings","volume":"176","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(92)90108-M","article-title":"The use of integrated pressures to determine overall wind-induced response","volume":"42","author":"Steckley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6105(02)00396-3","article-title":"Wind-tunnel development and trends in applications to civil engineering","volume":"91","author":"Cermak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(79)90026-6","article-title":"Correction of distortion effects caused by tubing systems in measurements of fluctuating pressures","volume":"5","author":"Irwin","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1006\/jfls.1999.0205","article-title":"Fluid behavior of side-by-side circular cylinders in steady cross-flow","volume":"13","author":"Sumner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"123","article-title":"Flow-visualization of a two side-by-side cylinder wake","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Flow Vis. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2003.07.005","article-title":"Aerodynamic characteristics of two side-by-side circular cylinders and application of wavelet analysis on the switching phenomenon","volume":"18","author":"Alam","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/12\/4046\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:13:34Z","timestamp":1760163214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/12\/4046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s21124046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21124046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]}}}