{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:48:30Z","timestamp":1766137710980,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUlti-SErvice WIreless NETwork, FWO-FRS Excellence of Science (EOS) project","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-range, low-power wireless technologies such as LoRa have been shown to exhibit excellent performance when applied in body-centric wireless applications. However, the robustness of LoRa technology to Doppler spread has recently been called into question by a number of researchers. This paper evaluates the impact of static and dynamic Doppler shifts on a simulated LoRa symbol detector and two types of simulated LoRa receivers. The results are interpreted specifically for body-centric applications and confirm that, in most application environments, pure Doppler effects are unlikely to severely disrupt wireless communication, confirming previous research, which stated that the link deteriorations observed in a number of practical LoRa measurement campaigns would mainly be caused by multipath fading effects. Yet, dynamic Doppler shifts, which occur as a result of the relative acceleration between communicating nodes, are also shown to contribute to link degradation. This is especially so for higher LoRa spreading factors and larger packet sizes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"4049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characterizing the Impact of Doppler Effects on Body-Centric LoRa Links with SDR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8992-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Ameloot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0759-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Moeneclaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing (TELIN), Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Van Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8139-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik","family":"Rogier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, May 05). 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