{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T23:53:50Z","timestamp":1773532430835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Detailed information about concrete behavior in real structures is an important issue in controlling its performance during its service life, and the use of embedded sensors to obtain desired information such as temperature, onset of the cracking process and evolution of strains, has gained the attention of the building concrete industry. Data obtained using this technology can provide valuable information for decision making about the need for corrective interventions that can ensure the integrity and safety of concrete structures for long period of time. This paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art of embedded fiber optic sensors used to assess concrete information of a wide range of aspects, comprising: existing alternative technologies, characteristics and advantages, practical applications and future developments. Complementarily, the work presents preliminary results of the use of fiber optic sensors to automatically and continuously perform expansion readings of AAR in concrete elements that facilitate both the storage\u2014with elimination of the usual interruptions for manual readings\u2014and the availability of continuous results of expansion data that are not possible to obtain with usual AAR tests code reading recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T21:29:16Z","timestamp":1623965356000},"page":"4171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["On the Use of Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors for Measuring Early-Age Strains in Concrete"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"K.K. Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Pernambuco Catholic University, Recife 50050-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Centrale Nantes, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4471-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.A.N.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Pernambuco Catholic University, Recife 50050-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mahfoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Centrale Nantes, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4828-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Khelidj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Centrale Nantes, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brientin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute in Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Centrale Nantes, CEDEX 3, 44321 Nantes, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.C.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LFC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1026-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.M.P.Q.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LFC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.G. Barbosa","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, K.K. (2002, January 17\u201321). Health monitoring of concrete structures subjected to environmental attacks. Smart Structures and Materials: Smart Systems for Bridges. Proceedings of the SPIE 4696, Smart Structures and Materials 2002: Smart Systems for Bridges, Structures, and Highways, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.472576"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surahayo, A. (2019). Concrete. Concrete Construction, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-10510-5_1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surahayo, A. (2019). Physical Properties of Concrete. 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