{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:29:22Z","timestamp":1770283762725,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The sources of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the modelled readers were rectangular microstrip antennas at a resonance frequency in free space of 866 MHz from the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID frequency range of 865\u2013868 MHz. The obtained results of numerical modelling showed that the SAR values in the body 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to exposure limits set by international guidelines to prevent adverse thermal effects of exposure to EMF: when the effective radiated power exceeds 5.5 W with respect to the general public\/unrestricted environments exposure limits, and with respect to occupational\/restricted environments exposure limits, when the effective radiated power exceeds 27.5 W.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1624282198000},"page":"4251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Zradzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2013National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Karpowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2013National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Gryz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2013National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Owczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Face Protection Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2013National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8776-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemedicine and e-Health Research Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.02.008","article-title":"The role of information and communication technologies in healthcare: Taxonomies, perspectives, and challenges","volume":"107","author":"Aceto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ashton, K. (2021, April 28). That \u2018Internet of Things\u2019 Thing. Available online: http:\/\/www.rfidjournal.com\/articles\/view?4986."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"100129","article-title":"Industry 4.0 and Health: Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing for Healthcare 4.0","volume":"19","author":"Aceto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zradzi\u0144ski, P., Karpowicz, J., Gryz, K., and Ramos, V. (2020). 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