{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:59:27Z","timestamp":1774717167853,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1441-524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1441-524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a wide area of application that uses cerebral activity to restore capabilities for people with severe motor disabilities, and actually the number of such systems keeps growing. Most of the current BCI systems are based on a personal computer. However, there is a tremendous interest in the implementation of BCIs on a portable platform, which has a small size, faster to load, much lower price, lower resources, and lower power consumption than those for full PCs. Depending on the complexity of the signal processing algorithms, it may be more suitable to work with slow processors because there is no need to allow excess capacity of more demanding tasks. So, in this review, we provide an overview of the BCIs development and the current available technology before discussing experimental studies of BCIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T11:28:41Z","timestamp":1624447721000},"page":"4293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Embedded Brain Computer Interface: State-of-the-Art in Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1455-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kais","family":"Belwafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofien","family":"Gannouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatim","family":"Aboalsamh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanian, R.R., Varma, K.Y., Balaji, K., Reddy, M.D., Akash, A., and Reddy, K.N. 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