{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:41:43Z","timestamp":1778643703516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YER72K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YER72K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017Y2PAB8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017Y2PAB8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014439","name":"Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fedkito"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fedkito"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1624508676000},"page":"4309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-3073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Maddalena","family":"Calabretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zangheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8215-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Calabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Lopreside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Montali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Marchegiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Trozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Guardigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mirasoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy"},{"name":"INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d\u2019Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8651-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Michelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d\u2019Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.107442","article-title":"Paper-based point-of-care immunoassays: Recent advances and emerging trends","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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