{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:10:44Z","timestamp":1781107844833,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (COLCIENCIAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sensor devices that act in the IoT architecture perception layer are characterized by low data processing and storage capacity. These reduced capabilities make the system ubiquitous and lightweight, but considerably reduce its security. The IoT-based Food Traceability Systems (FTS), aimed at ensuring food safety and quality, serve as a motivating scenario for BIoTS development and deployment; therefore, security challenges and gaps related with data integrity are analyzed from this perspective. This paper proposes the BIoTS hardware design that contains some modules built-in VHDL (SHA-256, PoW, and SD-Memory) and other peripheral electronic devices to provide capabilities to the perception layer by implementing the blockchain architecture\u2019s security requirements in an IoT device. The proposed hardware is implemented on FPGA Altera DE0-Nano. BIoTS can participate as a miner in the blockchain network through Smart Contracts and solve security issues related to data integrity and data traceability in an Blockchain-IoT system. Blockchain algorithms implemented in IoT hardware opens a path to IoT devices\u2019 security and ensures participation in data validation inside a food certification process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T23:57:22Z","timestamp":1624838242000},"page":"4388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Blockchain-IoT Sensor (BIoTS): A Solution to IoT-Ecosystems Security Issues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2910-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Gonzalez-Amarillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad del Cauca, Cauca 5 N\u00ba 4-70, Popay\u00e1n 190002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2375-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Cardenas-Garcia\u00a0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TelemaTics Research Group, Universidad Pedag\u00f3gica y Tecnol\u00f3gica de Colombia, Tunja 150002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mendoza-Moreno\u00a0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TelemaTics Research Group, Universidad Pedag\u00f3gica y Tecnol\u00f3gica de Colombia, Tunja 150002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1338-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Ramirez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad del Cauca, Cauca 5 N\u00ba 4-70, Popay\u00e1n 190002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad del Cauca, Cauca 5 N\u00ba 4-70, Popay\u00e1n 190002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, T., Xiao, H., and Zhou, P. 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