{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T17:13:14Z","timestamp":1773162794695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellulose and its derivatives have evoked much attention in sensor technology as host-matrices for conducting materials because of their versatility, renewability, and biocompatibility. However, only a few studies have dealt with the potential utilization of cellulose as a sensing material without a composite structure. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) extracted from rice husks by using ultrasonic-assisted methods are introduced as a potential gas sensing material with highly sensitive performance. To fabricate nanocellulose-based films, CNF, TOCNF, and TOCNF with glycerol (TOCNF\/G) were dispersed in water and applied on polyimide substrate with digital electrodes to form self-standing thin films by a drop-casting method. A transparent coating layer on the surface of the plate after drying is used for the detection of water-soluble gases such as acetone, ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide gases at room temperature at 52% relative humidity. The sensor prototypes exhibited high sensitivity, and the detection limit was between 1 ppm and 5 ppm, with less than 10 min response and recovery time. The results indicate that both the CNF- and the TOCNF-coated sensors show good sensitivity toward ammonia and acetone, compared to other gases. A TOCNF\/G-coated sensor exhibited minimum time in regard to response\/recovery time, compared to a CNF-coated sensor. In this study, nanocellulose-based sensors were successfully fabricated using a low-cost process and a bio-based platform. They showed good sensitivity for the detection of various gases under ambient conditions. Therefore, our study results should further propel in-depth research regarding various applications of cellulose-based sensors in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1624887562000},"page":"4415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Rice Husk-Derived Cellulose Nanofibers: A Potential Sensor for Water-Soluble Gases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresh","family":"Shahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5046-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungjin","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.06.068","article-title":"Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-cellulose paper for a chemical vapor sensor","volume":"150","author":"Yun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. 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