{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T23:44:33Z","timestamp":1777247073603,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTC2019-007159-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTC2019-007159-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca del Centro de Coordinaci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n de la Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","award":["20813\/PI\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20813\/PI\/18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management and collection of household waste often represents a demanding task for elderly or impaired people. In particular, the increasing generation of plastic waste at home may pose a problem for these groups, as this type of waste accumulates very rapidly and occupies a considerable amount of space. This paper proposes a collaborative infrastructure to monitor household plastic waste. It consists of simple smart bins using a weight scale and a smart application that forecasts the amount of plastic generated for each bin at different time horizons out of the data provided by the smart bins. The application generates optimal routes for the waste-pickers collaborating in the system through a route-planning algorithm. This algorithm takes into account the predicted amount of plastic of each bin and the waste-picker\u2019s location and means of transport. This proposal has been evaluated by means of a simulated scenario in Quezon City, Philippines, where severe problems with plastic waste have been identified. A set of 176 experiments have been performed to collect data that allow representing different user behaviors when generating plastic waste. The results show that our proposal enables waste-pickers to collect more than the 80% of the household plastic-waste bins before they are completely full.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1625141007000},"page":"4534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Collaborative Application for Assisting the Management of Household Plastic Waste through Smart Bins: A Case of Study in the Philippines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navjot","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic School, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Pons-Buttazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic School, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8491-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic School, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Terroso-Saenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic School, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001","article-title":"Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review","volume":"137","author":"Schnurr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3656","article-title":"Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution","volume":"369","author":"Borrelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048","article-title":"International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review","volume":"118","author":"Xanthos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"345","article-title":"Waste collection vehicle routing problem: Literature review","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"PROMET Traffic Transp."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Debrah, J.K., Vidal, D.G., and Dinis, M.A.P. (2021). Innovative use of plastic for a clean and sustainable environmental management: Learning cases from Ghana, Africa. Urban Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci5010012"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1139\/S07-033","article-title":"GIS-based locational analysis of collection bins in municipal solid waste management systems","volume":"7","author":"Vijay","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catania, V., and Ventura, D. (2014, January 21\u201325). An approch for monitoring and smart planning of urban solid waste management using smart-M3 platform. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of Open Innovations Association FRUCT, St. Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/FRUCT.2014.6872422"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abubakar, I.R. (2017). Household response to inadequate sewerage and garbage collection services in Abuja, Nigeria. J. Environ. Public Health, 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5314840"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunjaya, A.P., and Jenkins, C. (2020). Rationale for universal face masks in public against COVID-19. Respirology.","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13834"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5317","article-title":"Sourcing personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"323","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X18766216","article-title":"Enhancing municipal solid waste recycling through reorganizing waste pickers: A case study in Nanjing, China","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.3479","article-title":"Experiencing the everyday of waste pickers: A sustainable livelihoods and health assessment in Dhaka city, Bangladesh","volume":"32","author":"Uddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karadimas, D., Papalambrou, A., Gialelis, J., and Koubias, S. (2016, January 6\u20139). An integrated node for Smart-City applications based on active RFID tags; Use case on waste-bins. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2016.7733532"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malapur, B., and Pattanshetti, V.R. (2017, January 1\u20132). IoT based waste management: An application to smart city. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECDS.2017.8389897"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharadwaj, A.S., Rego, R., and Chowdhury, A. (2016, January 16\u201318). IoT based solid waste management system: A conceptual approach with an architectural solution as a smart city application. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), Bangalore, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/INDICON.2016.7839147"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of Waste Management For Smart Cities","volume":"6","author":"Revathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Eng. Trends"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2914030","article-title":"A survey on mobile crowdsensing systems: Challenges, solutions, and opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Capponi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6871666","article-title":"Opportunities in mobile crowd sensing","volume":"52","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaggi, O., Meneghello, F., Palazzi, C.E., and Pante, G. (2020, January 14\u201316). Learning how to recycle waste using a game. Proceedings of the 6th EAI International Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good, Antwerp, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411170.3411251"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124269","article-title":"Behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) perspectives on E-waste recycling and management","volume":"280","author":"Dhir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.07.037","article-title":"Exploring waste prevention behaviour through empirical research","volume":"79","author":"Corsini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916505283421","article-title":"Factors influencing environmental attitudes and behaviors: A UK case study of household waste management","volume":"39","author":"Barr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.11.057","article-title":"Modeling and prediction of regional municipal solid waste generation and diversion in Canada using machine learning approaches","volume":"74","author":"Kannangara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.03.222","article-title":"Household waste management system using iot and machine learning","volume":"167","author":"Dubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109781","article-title":"Optimal transportation planning of classified domestic garbage based on map distance","volume":"254","author":"Lou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramalho, M.A., Rossetti, R.J., and Cacho, N. (2017, January 14\u201317). Towards an architecture for smart garbage collection in urban settings. Proceedings of the 2017 International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Wuxi, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC2.2017.8090833"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.02.221","article-title":"The use of a GIS system as a decision support tool for municipal solid waste management planning: The case study of al Nuzha District, Irbid, Jordan","volume":"44","author":"Hatamleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.08.032","article-title":"Two improved k-means algorithms","volume":"68","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Schwaber, K. (2004). Agile Project Management with Scrum, Microsoft Press."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119464","article-title":"Meta-heuristic algorithm for solving vehicle routing problems with time windows and synchronized visit constraints in prefabricated systems","volume":"250","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48126-X_8","article-title":"A Constraint Programming Toolkit for Local Search","volume":"Volume 18","author":"Woodruff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optimization Software Class Libraries"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atienza, V. (2020). Waste Management in the Philippines. Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Developing Countries, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch011"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.09.036","article-title":"Reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) from municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in the Philippines: Rapid review and assessment","volume":"80","author":"Premakumara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Government, Q.C. (2021, June 15). Quezon City. Ecological Profile, Available online: https:\/\/quezoncity.gov.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/QC-Ecological-Profile-2015.pdf."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"PhilAtlas (2021, June 15). Don Manuel, Quezon City. Available online: https:\/\/www.philatlas.com\/luzon\/ncr\/quezon-city\/don-manuel.html."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"PhilAtlas (2021, June 15). Commonwealth, Quezon City. Available online: https:\/\/www.philatlas.com\/luzon\/ncr\/quezon-city\/commonwealth.html."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2021, June 15). Quezon City (Philippines): Barangays Population Statistics, C. Map. Asia. Available online: https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/en\/philippines\/quezoncity\/."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"PhilAtlas (2021, June 15). Mariana, Quezon City. Available online: https:\/\/www.philatlas.com\/luzon\/ncr\/quezon-city\/mariana.html."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2018). Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan: Quezon City. Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia (Report Number: TA-8566), Asian Developmental Bank."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Perron, L., and Furnon, V. (2021, June 15). OR-Tools. Available online: https:\/\/developers.google.com\/optimization\/."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibovic, D., and Bikfalvi, A. (2021). Incentives for Plastic Recycling: How to Engage Citizens in Active Collection. Empirical Evidence from Spain. Recycling, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling6020029"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/13\/4534\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1760163888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/13\/4534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s21134534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21134534","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}