{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:38:41Z","timestamp":1768793921010,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62022032, 61875047, 61505041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62022032, 61875047, 61505041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","award":["YQ2019F006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2019F006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Financial Grant from the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation","award":["LBH-Q18052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBH-Q18052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This invited paper demonstrated an ultra-highly sensitive ammonia (NH3) sensor based on the light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) technique for the first time. A quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonance frequency of 32.768 kHz was employed as a detector. A fiber-coupled, continuous wave (CW), distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser emitting at 1530.33 nm was chosen as the excitation source. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and second-harmonic (2f) detection techniques were applied to reduce the background noise. In a one scan period, a 2f signal of the two absorption lines located at 6534.6 cm\u22121 and 6533.4 cm\u22121 were acquired simultaneously. The 2f signal amplitude at the two absorption lines was proved to be proportional to the concentration, respectively, by changing the concentration of NH3 in the analyte. The calculated R-square values of the linear fit are equal to ~0.99. The wavelength modulation depth was optimized to be 13.38 mA, and a minimum detection limit (MDL) of ~5.85 ppm was achieved for the reported NH3 sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"4548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ultra-Highly Sensitive Ammonia Detection Based on Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Gas sensing properties of catalytically modified wo3 with copper and vanadium for NH3 detection","volume":"5","author":"Calveras","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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