{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:09:45Z","timestamp":1760234985198,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61974146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61974146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an output offset minimized capacitance-to-digital interface for a MEMS accelerometer. With a gain-enhanced voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based quantization loop, the interface is able to output a digital signal with improved dynamic range. For optimizing the output offset caused by nonideal factors (e.g., the bond-wire drift), a nested digital chopping feedback loop is embedded in the VCO-based quantization loop. It enables the interface to minimize the output offset without digital filtering and digital-to-analog conversion. The proposed architecture is well suited for dynamic range and offset improvements with low cost. Fabricated with a 0.18 \u03bcm Global Foundry (GF) CMOS process, the interface offers a 78 dB dynamic range with 0.4% nonlinearity from a single 2 V supply. With the input referred offset up to 1.3 pF, the offset cancellation loop keeps the DC output offset within 40 mV. The power dissipation is 6.5 mW with a bandwidth of 4 kHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"4627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Bond-Wire Drift Offset Minimized Capacitance-to-Digital Interface for MEMS Accelerometer with Gain-Enhanced VCO-Based Quantization and Nested Digital Chopping Feedback Loops"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fanyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Province Integrated Circuit Design Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6471-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haigang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Shandong Industrial Institute of Integrated Circuits Technology Ltd., Jinan 250001, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1109\/4.494198","article-title":"Surface Micromachined Accelerometers","volume":"31","author":"Boser","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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