{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:48Z","timestamp":1772253048159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substantial research is required to ensure that micro-mobility ride sharing provides a better fulfilment of user needs. This study proposes a novel crowdsourcing model for the ride-sharing system where light vehicles such as scooters and bikes are crowdsourced. The proposed model is expected to solve the problem of charging and maintaining a large number of light vehicles where these efforts will be the responsibility of the crowd of suppliers. The proposed model consists of three entities: suppliers, customers, and a management party responsible for receiving, renting, booking, and demand matching with offered resources. It can allow suppliers to define the location of their private e-scooters\/e-bikes and the period of time they are available for rent. Using a dataset of over 9 million e-scooter trips in Austin, Texas, we ran an agent-based simulation six times using three maximum battery ranges (i.e., 35, 45, and 60 km) and different numbers of e-scooters (e.g., 50 and 100) at each origin. Computational results show that the proposed model is promising and might be advantageous to shift the charging and maintenance efforts to a crowd of suppliers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"4636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Crowdsourcing Model for Micro-Mobility Ride-Sharing Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elhenawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9746-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafizur R.","family":"Komol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Masoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-5519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6835-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huthaifa I.","family":"Ashqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Booz Allen Hamilton, Washington, DC 20003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Hamad","family":"Almannaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5845-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham A.","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering and Director of the Center for Sustainable Mobility, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andry","family":"Rakotonirainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuncer, S., and Brown, B. 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