{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:14:23Z","timestamp":1772964863780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) represents a well-established research area. However, parameter estimation of multiple running machines in large-scale applications has not yet been investigated. In this context, a flexible and automated approach is required to minimize complexity, costs, and human interventions without requiring machine information. This paper proposes a novel identification strategy for surface PMSMs (SPMSMs), highly suitable for large-scale systems. A novel multistep approach using measurement data at different operating conditions of the SPMSM is proposed to perform the parameter identification without requiring signal injection, extra sensors, machine information, and human interventions. Thus, the proposed method overcomes numerous issues of the existing parameter identification schemes. An IoT\/cloud architecture is designed to implement the proposed multistep procedure and massively perform SPMSM parameter identifications. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"4699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Automated Multistep Parameter Identification of SPMSMs in Large-Scale Applications Using Cloud Computing Resources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia","family":"Brescia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatello","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9940-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo Roberto","family":"Massenio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Leonardo","family":"Cascella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Naso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Temperature Prediction and Thermal Boundary Simulation Using Hardware-in-Loop Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. 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