{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T19:53:15Z","timestamp":1774036395903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the 2020 Yeungnam University Research Grant","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Highly sensitive and flexible composite sensors with pressure and temperature sensing abilities are of great importance in human motion monitoring, robotic skins, and automobile seats when checking the boarding status. Several studies have been conducted to improve the temperature-pressure sensitivity; however, they require a complex fabrication process for micro-nanostructures, which are material-dependent. Therefore, there is a need to develop the structural designs to improve the sensing abilities. Herein, we demonstrate a flexible composite with an enhanced pressure and temperature sensing performance. Its structural design consists of a multilayered composite construction with an elastic modulus gradient. Controlled stress concentration and distribution induced by a micropatterned structure between the layers improves its pressure and temperature sensing performance. The proposed composite sensor can monitor a wide range of pressure and temperature stimuli and also has potential applications as an automotive seat sensor for simultaneous human temperature detection and occupant weight sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T21:56:37Z","timestamp":1626126997000},"page":"4752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multilayered Composites with Modulus Gradient for Enhanced Pressure\u2014Temperature Sensing Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Changyoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanwha Solutions, Light-Weight Composite Materials R&D Center, Advanced Materials Division, 155, Gondan-ro, Yeonseo-myeon, Sejong 30058, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Gi","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800802","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201800802","article-title":"Calcium-Modified Silk as a Biocompatible and Strong Adhesive for Epidermal Electronics","volume":"28","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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