{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:19:58Z","timestamp":1782937198306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGC2018-097531-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-097531-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A diverse array of assistive technologies have been developed to help Visually Impaired People (VIP) face many basic daily autonomy challenges. Inertial measurement unit sensors, on the other hand, have been used for navigation, guidance, and localization but especially for full body motion tracking due to their low cost and miniaturization, which have allowed the estimation of kinematic parameters and biomechanical analysis for different field of applications. The aim of this work was to present a comprehensive approach of assistive technologies for VIP that include inertial sensors as input, producing results on the comprehension of technical characteristics of the inertial sensors, the methodologies applied, and their specific role in each developed system. The results show that there are just a few inertial sensor-based systems. However, these sensors provide essential information when combined with optical sensors and radio signals for navigation and special application fields. The discussion includes new avenues of research, missing elements, and usability analysis, since a limitation evidenced in the selected articles is the lack of user-centered designs. Finally, regarding application fields, it has been highlighted that a gap exists in the literature regarding aids for rehabilitation and biomechanical analysis of VIP. Most of the findings are focused on navigation and obstacle detection, and this should be considered for future applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T04:26:06Z","timestamp":1626150366000},"page":"4767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Inertial Measurement Unit Sensors in Assistive Technologies for Visually Impaired People, a Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3269-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Miriam","family":"Reyes Leiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Engineering Faculty, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Centroamericana UNITEC, 211001 San Pedro Sula, Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6350-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milagros","family":"Ja\u00e9n-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7021-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benito","family":"Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Didactic and Educational Research Department, Universidad de La Laguna, 38204 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Blind Organization (ONCE), 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8544-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Javier","family":"Serrano Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Center of Biomedical Research for Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). 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