{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:45:13Z","timestamp":1779309913695,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61775050, 11804073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775050, 11804073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PA2019GDZC0098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA2019GDZC0098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As communication technology is entering the 6G era, a great demand for high-performance devices operating in the terahertz (THz) band has emerged. As an important part of 6G technology, indoor communication requires multi-beam steering and tracking to serve multi-users. In this paper, we have designed a graphene metasurface that can realize multi-beam steering for directional radiations. The designed metasurface consists of graphene ribbons, dielectric spacer, and metal substrate. By designing the graphene ribbons and controlling the applied voltage on them, we have obtained single-, double-, and triple-beam steering. In addition, we have also numerically calculated the far-field distributions of the steered multi-beam with a diffraction distance of 2 m. Our design has potential applications in future indoor directional 6G communications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1626215131000},"page":"4784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Multi-Beam Steering for 6G Communications Based on Graphene Metasurfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Huifang","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianlong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1563-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7282-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0355-6","article-title":"What should 6G be?","volume":"3","author":"Dang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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