{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T01:19:32Z","timestamp":1766711972258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our aims were to evaluate the feasibility of a framework based on micro-sensor technology for in-field analyses of performance and sub-technique selection in Para cross-country (XC) skiing by using it to compare these parameters between elite standing Para (two men; one woman) and able-bodied (AB) (three men; four women) XC skiers during a classical skiing race. The data from a global navigation satellite system and inertial measurement unit were integrated to compare time loss and selected sub-techniques as a function of speed. Compared to male\/female AB skiers, male\/female Para skiers displayed 19\/14% slower average speed with the largest time loss (65 \u00b1 36\/35 \u00b1 6 s\/lap) found in uphill terrain. Female Para\/AB skiers utilized DP, DK, and DIA, 61\/43%, 15\/10%, and 25\/47% of the distance at low speeds, respectively, while the corresponding numbers for male Para\/AB skiers were 58\/18%, 1\/13%, and 40\/69%. At higher speeds, female Para\/AB skiers utilized DP and OTHER, 26\/52% and 74\/48% of the distance, respectively, while corresponding numbers for male Para\/AB skiers were 29\/66% and 71\/34%. This indicates different speed thresholds of the classical sub-techniques for Para than AB skiers. The framework provides a point of departure for large-scale international investigations of performance and related factors in Para XC skiing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:18:52Z","timestamp":1626643132000},"page":"4876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Framework for In-Field Analyses of Performance and Sub-Technique Selection in Standing Para Cross-Country Skiers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Camilla H.","family":"Carlsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kathrin Baumgart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kocbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, 5008 Bergen, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Haugnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"given":"Evy M. B.","family":"Paulussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPC (2016). Explanatory Guide to Paralympic Classification\u2014Paralympic Winter Sports, World Para Nordic Skiing."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, February 24). 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